Background <p>Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by dysregulated T-cell responses, leading to increased platelet destruction and impaired platelet production. ADAM10, a member of the disintegrin and metalloproteinase family, is essential for T-cell growth, activation, and Notch signaling, all of which are pivotal to immunological homeostasis. Dysregulation of ADAM10 expression or activity has been associated with numerous immune-mediated and neoplastic disorders. Owing to its immunomodulatory effects, ADAM10 may play a role in the development of ITP by affecting T-cell-mediated immunological responses. However, its specific involvement in ITP, particularly in pediatric patients, remains inadequately characterized. This study investigated the correlation between ADAM10 mRNA expression and pediatric immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), as we hypothesized that a more profound understanding of the role of ADAM10 in the pathogenesis of ITP could reveal novel therapeutic options for patients, particularly those with refractory ITP.</p> Methods <p>Fifty newly diagnosed ITP patients and 30 age- and sex-matched unrelated healthy controls were included in this study. Gene expression of ADAM10 was measured using real-time PCR. The ADAM10 mRNA expression, as well as its correlation with treatment response, was compared between ITP patients and controls.</p> Results <p>The median relative expression of ADAM10 mRNAs was 1.48 in the patient group, whereas it was 1.89 in the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.689). Correlation studies did not reveal a significant relationship between gene expression and disease severity (<i>p</i> value = 0.174).</p> Conclusion <p>No statistically significant association was found between ADAM10 mRNA expression and the prevalence of ITP in the studied patients.</p>