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Background <p>Congenital anomalies (CAs) are a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low-resource settings. Data on the burden, risk factors, and outcomes of CAs in Egyptian NICUs remain scarce. This study aimed to investigate the patterns, associated risk factors, and short-term outcomes of neonates with CAs in a tertiary NICU in Egypt.</p> Methods <p>This retrospective observational study reviewed 100 neonates with major CAs admitted to Cairo University Pediatric Hospital NICU between February and September 2019. Clinical data were collected from medical records and supplemented by structured parental interviews. Anomalies were classified according to the EUROCAT system.</p> Results <p>Cardiovascular anomalies were the most common (34%), followed by anomalies of the ear, nose, and oral region (34%) and central nervous system (18%). Male infants accounted for 57% of cases, and 51% had consanguineous parents. Sepsis occurred in 75% of cases, most frequently in those with cardiovascular defects (40%). The overall mortality rate was 39%, with cardiovascular anomalies responsible for 51.3% of deaths. Consanguinity was significantly associated with cardiovascular anomalies (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05).</p> Conclusions <p>CAs, especially cardiovascular and CNS defects, remain a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in Egyptian NICUs. Strengthening early screening, infection control, and consanguinity counseling may significantly reduce adverse outcomes.</p>

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Patterns and outcome of neonates with congenital anomalies in a neonatal intensive care unit: a retrospective study

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月3日

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  • Amira M. Sabry,
  • Yasmeen Mansi,
  • Halaallah Zeinelabdeen,
  • Amir Fawzy Kamal

摘要

Background

Congenital anomalies (CAs) are a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low-resource settings. Data on the burden, risk factors, and outcomes of CAs in Egyptian NICUs remain scarce. This study aimed to investigate the patterns, associated risk factors, and short-term outcomes of neonates with CAs in a tertiary NICU in Egypt.

Methods

This retrospective observational study reviewed 100 neonates with major CAs admitted to Cairo University Pediatric Hospital NICU between February and September 2019. Clinical data were collected from medical records and supplemented by structured parental interviews. Anomalies were classified according to the EUROCAT system.

Results

Cardiovascular anomalies were the most common (34%), followed by anomalies of the ear, nose, and oral region (34%) and central nervous system (18%). Male infants accounted for 57% of cases, and 51% had consanguineous parents. Sepsis occurred in 75% of cases, most frequently in those with cardiovascular defects (40%). The overall mortality rate was 39%, with cardiovascular anomalies responsible for 51.3% of deaths. Consanguinity was significantly associated with cardiovascular anomalies (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

CAs, especially cardiovascular and CNS defects, remain a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in Egyptian NICUs. Strengthening early screening, infection control, and consanguinity counseling may significantly reduce adverse outcomes.