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Background <p>Insomnia is a disorder commonly associated with the elderly population that may affect cognitive function and mood, Buysse (JAMA 309:70, 2013). Insomnia diminishes attention, memory, visuospatial capacities, and executive functioning. The association between insomnia and age-related cognitive deterioration has been previously established (Sci Rep 15:30284, 2025).</p> Aim <p>The primary aim of this study was to assess the effect of chronic insomnia on cognitive functioning in older persons. We hypothesized that elderly individuals with insomnia would demonstrate significantly lower performance on objective cognitive measures compared to age- and education-matched healthy controls.</p> Method <p>This case-control study recruited 110 participants (55 cases, 55 controls) aged 60 and above. Cases were recruited from a sleep outpatient clinic, while controls were recruited from a geriatric social center and meticulously screened to ensure the absence of psychiatric disorders (MINI), current insomnia (ISI ≤ 7), or poor sleep quality (PSQI &lt; 6). All participants were evaluated using the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic Version (MOCA-B).</p> Results <p>The patients and controls showed notable variations in terms of executive functioning, calculation, visuoperception, naming, attention, and the overall score of the MOCA-B test. Furthermore, comparison between patients with early insomnia and other types of insomnia revealed a statistically significant impairment in the total MOCA-B test, delayed recall, and attention subtests.</p> Conclusion <p>Elderly people with chronic insomnia demonstrate poorer cognitive performance when compared to screened, matched controls, affecting critical domains like executive skills, attention, calculation, visuoperception, and naming. The findings support the hypothesis and emphasize the clinical importance of screening for insomnia in geriatric cognitive health.</p>

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Cognitive functions in elderly patients with insomnia: a case-control study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月19日

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  • Naira Mohamed Abd-El Hamid,
  • Mostafa Omar Shahin,
  • Alia Adel Saleh,
  • Eman A. Abd Al Raheem

摘要

Background

Insomnia is a disorder commonly associated with the elderly population that may affect cognitive function and mood, Buysse (JAMA 309:70, 2013). Insomnia diminishes attention, memory, visuospatial capacities, and executive functioning. The association between insomnia and age-related cognitive deterioration has been previously established (Sci Rep 15:30284, 2025).

Aim

The primary aim of this study was to assess the effect of chronic insomnia on cognitive functioning in older persons. We hypothesized that elderly individuals with insomnia would demonstrate significantly lower performance on objective cognitive measures compared to age- and education-matched healthy controls.

Method

This case-control study recruited 110 participants (55 cases, 55 controls) aged 60 and above. Cases were recruited from a sleep outpatient clinic, while controls were recruited from a geriatric social center and meticulously screened to ensure the absence of psychiatric disorders (MINI), current insomnia (ISI ≤ 7), or poor sleep quality (PSQI < 6). All participants were evaluated using the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic Version (MOCA-B).

Results

The patients and controls showed notable variations in terms of executive functioning, calculation, visuoperception, naming, attention, and the overall score of the MOCA-B test. Furthermore, comparison between patients with early insomnia and other types of insomnia revealed a statistically significant impairment in the total MOCA-B test, delayed recall, and attention subtests.

Conclusion

Elderly people with chronic insomnia demonstrate poorer cognitive performance when compared to screened, matched controls, affecting critical domains like executive skills, attention, calculation, visuoperception, and naming. The findings support the hypothesis and emphasize the clinical importance of screening for insomnia in geriatric cognitive health.