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Background <p>Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder that is characterized by neuroendocrine dysfunction. While gonadotropin dysregulation is well established, the roles of neuropeptides, such as kisspeptin and neudesin, remain incompletely defined.</p> Objective <p>This study aimed to compare the serum levels of kisspeptin, neudesin, and classical gonadotropins between women with PCOS and healthy controls to evaluate their potential roles in pathophysiology and diagnosis.</p> Materials and methods <p>A case-control study was conducted involving 40 women with PCOS (diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria) and 40 age-matched healthy controls. Blood samples were collected during the early follicular (Day 2–4) and mid-luteal (Day 20–21) phases.</p> Results <p>The PCOS group exhibited a significantly elevated LH/FSH ratio (Day 2:2.82 ± 1.07 vs. 1.00 ± 0.22, <i>p &lt;</i> 0.001) and free testosterone (3.12 ± 0.92 vs. 1.36 ± 0.43 pg/mL, <i>p &lt;</i> 0.001), alongside markedly reduced mid-luteal progesterone (1.41 ± 0.82 vs. 11.75 ± 4.55 ng/mL, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Kisspeptin was also greatly elevated in PCOS women on the mid-luteal phase of menstrual cycle (106.79 ± 27.45 vs. 91.5 ± 24.63 pg/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.0175), no intergroup differences were observed for neudesin concentrations between the two groups.</p> Conclusion <p>This study confirmed the classic gonadotropin dysregulation in PCOS and identified a dynamic, phase-specific elevation of kisspeptin, indicating its participation in the underlying neuroendocrine pathology. The LH/FSH ratio is still a strong diagnostic tool, while kisspeptin and neudesin did not have any single diagnostic power in the present study.</p>

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Temporal dynamics and diagnostic utility of kisspeptin and neudesin across the menstrual cycle in polycystic ovary syndrome

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月28日

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  • Ammar Jabbar Taama,
  • Haider Abd Jabbar Alammar

摘要

Background

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder that is characterized by neuroendocrine dysfunction. While gonadotropin dysregulation is well established, the roles of neuropeptides, such as kisspeptin and neudesin, remain incompletely defined.

Objective

This study aimed to compare the serum levels of kisspeptin, neudesin, and classical gonadotropins between women with PCOS and healthy controls to evaluate their potential roles in pathophysiology and diagnosis.

Materials and methods

A case-control study was conducted involving 40 women with PCOS (diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria) and 40 age-matched healthy controls. Blood samples were collected during the early follicular (Day 2–4) and mid-luteal (Day 20–21) phases.

Results

The PCOS group exhibited a significantly elevated LH/FSH ratio (Day 2:2.82 ± 1.07 vs. 1.00 ± 0.22, p < 0.001) and free testosterone (3.12 ± 0.92 vs. 1.36 ± 0.43 pg/mL, p < 0.001), alongside markedly reduced mid-luteal progesterone (1.41 ± 0.82 vs. 11.75 ± 4.55 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Kisspeptin was also greatly elevated in PCOS women on the mid-luteal phase of menstrual cycle (106.79 ± 27.45 vs. 91.5 ± 24.63 pg/mL, p = 0.0175), no intergroup differences were observed for neudesin concentrations between the two groups.

Conclusion

This study confirmed the classic gonadotropin dysregulation in PCOS and identified a dynamic, phase-specific elevation of kisspeptin, indicating its participation in the underlying neuroendocrine pathology. The LH/FSH ratio is still a strong diagnostic tool, while kisspeptin and neudesin did not have any single diagnostic power in the present study.