Background <p>Leptin (LEP) and adiponectin (ADP) are two significant adipokines that have been related to endocrine disorders of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Insulin resistance (IR) is known to be a condition in cells in insulin-sensitive tissues in the body cannot respond normally to the hormone insulin.</p> Methods <p>This work has been focused on the determination of IR, LEP and ADP levels in overweight women with PCOS patients. A total&#xa0;of 90 women from Shahid Doctor Khalid Hospital (Koya health centers) in Koya-Erbil Governorate have been enrolled to evaluate the difference between insulin, fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1C, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), LEP, and ADP between groups of PCOS and healthy persons.</p> Results <p>Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test has been found in this work to detect the difference between groups of PCOS (R) in randomly sampling, PCOS (P) in the second day during period cycle and control groups. These data have been shown that the sera levels of LEP, insulin, FBG, and HbA1C were significantly elevated in patients with PCOS groups when compared with healthy individuals. Whereas, serum level of ADP is significantly decreased in patients with PCOS groups compared to control groups.</p> Conclusions <p>The study detected a high level of IR in type PCOS, and a change in adipokines. Accordingly, patients with PCOS should follow up with regular dietary health intake and take foods lowering energy intake with exercise in order to treat PCOS.</p>