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Background <p>Additional new biomarkers that aid in detecting colorectal adenocarcinoma early are definitely needed. Here, we report that tumor-specific <i>CDX2, CD74, HER2, CD104,</i> and <i>CD26</i> genes are differentially expressed in the tumor microenvironment (stages I-IV) in patients with colorectal cancer.</p> Material and methods <p>Tumor <i>CDX2, CD74, HER2, CD26</i>, and <i>CD104</i> expression levels were studied by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR. Tissues from 210 patients with CRC (stages I–IV) were used. Additionally, gene expression (<i>CDX2, CD74, HER2, CD26,</i> and <i>CD104</i>) of CRC patients, CRC with metastasis, and normal tissues were identified using 4 GEO datasets.</p> Results <p>At the mRNA and protein levels, <i>CDX2</i> was more highly expressed in tumor tissue (I–IV) than in surrounding normal tissue (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001). Furthermore, the ROC curve analysis demonstrated that <i>CDX2</i> can be a suitable biomarker at all stages. <i>CD74</i> and <i>CD104</i> showed a significant increase in expression. However, <i>CD26</i> did not show any significant increase in mRNA and protein expression. The results of the GEOR2 analyses also confirmed the present results.</p> Conclusions <p>This proof-of-principle study demonstrated that <i>CDX2</i> is a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis strategies for CRC. On the other hand, <i>CD74</i> and <i>CD104</i> are recommended for diagnosis in stages I and II. The results justify prospective validation to clarify the clinical impact of these biomarkers in cancer diagnosis.</p>

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Identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers in stages I-IV colorectal cancer

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月22日

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  • Sarvin Alizadeh Sadighi,
  • Vesal Abbasian,
  • Seyed Sina Sabbaghi,
  • Mohammadreza Azimi,
  • Ali Ghorbani Ranjbary

摘要

Background

Additional new biomarkers that aid in detecting colorectal adenocarcinoma early are definitely needed. Here, we report that tumor-specific CDX2, CD74, HER2, CD104, and CD26 genes are differentially expressed in the tumor microenvironment (stages I-IV) in patients with colorectal cancer.

Material and methods

Tumor CDX2, CD74, HER2, CD26, and CD104 expression levels were studied by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR. Tissues from 210 patients with CRC (stages I–IV) were used. Additionally, gene expression (CDX2, CD74, HER2, CD26, and CD104) of CRC patients, CRC with metastasis, and normal tissues were identified using 4 GEO datasets.

Results

At the mRNA and protein levels, CDX2 was more highly expressed in tumor tissue (I–IV) than in surrounding normal tissue (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the ROC curve analysis demonstrated that CDX2 can be a suitable biomarker at all stages. CD74 and CD104 showed a significant increase in expression. However, CD26 did not show any significant increase in mRNA and protein expression. The results of the GEOR2 analyses also confirmed the present results.

Conclusions

This proof-of-principle study demonstrated that CDX2 is a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis strategies for CRC. On the other hand, CD74 and CD104 are recommended for diagnosis in stages I and II. The results justify prospective validation to clarify the clinical impact of these biomarkers in cancer diagnosis.