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<p>Household food insecurity (FI) in rural areas is influenced by multiple determinants within the food and nutrition system (FNS), encompassing production, distribution, consumption, and nutritional status. This cross-sectional study evaluated 321 randomly selected households across six rural villages in Zahedan, SouthEast Iran, to identify key determinants of FI from a FNS perspective. FI affected 53.3% of households, which were characterized by larger family size, lower income and education levels of adult women, and greater reliance on government subsidies. Villages with greater agricultural diversity and higher nutritional yield showed significantly lower odds of FI, whereas villages exporting over half their produce experienced a 7.9-fold increased risk. Homestead food production yielding less than 5% protein was mainly practices in households with significantly higher FI risk (OR = 2.82; 95% CI: 1.50–5.28). Lower nutrient adequacy scores were also strongly associated with FI. Among adult women in FI households, prevalence of both wasting and overweight was higher, while abdominal obesity was less common (OR = 0.461; 95% CI: 0.243–0.878). These findings highlight critical determinants within the rural FNS contributing to household FI and related nutritional challenges, underscoring the need for integrated policies to address socioeconomic disparities and enhance agricultural and nutritional resilience.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Determinants of household food insecurity in rural Zahedan: a food and nutrition system perspective

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月14日

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  • Mahdieh Sheikhi,
  • Hassan Eini-Zinab,
  • Seyed Mehdi Tabatabaei,
  • Nasrin Omidvar

摘要

Household food insecurity (FI) in rural areas is influenced by multiple determinants within the food and nutrition system (FNS), encompassing production, distribution, consumption, and nutritional status. This cross-sectional study evaluated 321 randomly selected households across six rural villages in Zahedan, SouthEast Iran, to identify key determinants of FI from a FNS perspective. FI affected 53.3% of households, which were characterized by larger family size, lower income and education levels of adult women, and greater reliance on government subsidies. Villages with greater agricultural diversity and higher nutritional yield showed significantly lower odds of FI, whereas villages exporting over half their produce experienced a 7.9-fold increased risk. Homestead food production yielding less than 5% protein was mainly practices in households with significantly higher FI risk (OR = 2.82; 95% CI: 1.50–5.28). Lower nutrient adequacy scores were also strongly associated with FI. Among adult women in FI households, prevalence of both wasting and overweight was higher, while abdominal obesity was less common (OR = 0.461; 95% CI: 0.243–0.878). These findings highlight critical determinants within the rural FNS contributing to household FI and related nutritional challenges, underscoring the need for integrated policies to address socioeconomic disparities and enhance agricultural and nutritional resilience.

Graphical Abstract