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<p>The residual issue of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TriCP) affects the leather industry because excessive 2,4,5-TriCP levels are detected in several finished leather products. This study reports the feasibility of using ecofriendly cyclodextrins (CDs) for 2,4,5-TriCP removal from pickled hide via host-guest interactions. Molecular docking, fluorescence spectroscopy, and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring results confirmed that β-CD was suitable for 2,4,5-TriCP removal owing to its appropriate cavity structure. Batch elution experiments were performed to evaluate the influence of key parameters on the removal efficiency of β-CD, including time, temperature, sodium chloride (NaCl), β-CD concentrations, and the number of elution cycles. The mentioned optimal elution conditions were identified: 8% (w/v) NaCl, 120&#xa0;min duration, 5&#xa0;g·L<sup>− 1</sup> β-CD, 298.15&#xa0;K, and five elution cycles. 2,4,5-TriCP (40.55–116.39&#xa0;mg·kg<sup>− 1</sup>) was completely removed, meeting the international ecotextile standard limit for chlorophenol (0.05&#xa0;mg·kg<sup>− 1</sup>). Finally, the physical properties of the β-CD eluted pickled hide samples were barely affected compared to the samples treated using the conventional process, confirming that β-CD could be used as a green eluting agent for sustainable leather production.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Investigating the elution mechanism and efficiency of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol removal from pickled hide using β-cyclodextrin

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Qinyang Li,
  • Yanni Cao,
  • Liming Zhao,
  • Yuling Tang,
  • Jianfei Zhou

摘要

The residual issue of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TriCP) affects the leather industry because excessive 2,4,5-TriCP levels are detected in several finished leather products. This study reports the feasibility of using ecofriendly cyclodextrins (CDs) for 2,4,5-TriCP removal from pickled hide via host-guest interactions. Molecular docking, fluorescence spectroscopy, and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring results confirmed that β-CD was suitable for 2,4,5-TriCP removal owing to its appropriate cavity structure. Batch elution experiments were performed to evaluate the influence of key parameters on the removal efficiency of β-CD, including time, temperature, sodium chloride (NaCl), β-CD concentrations, and the number of elution cycles. The mentioned optimal elution conditions were identified: 8% (w/v) NaCl, 120 min duration, 5 g·L− 1 β-CD, 298.15 K, and five elution cycles. 2,4,5-TriCP (40.55–116.39 mg·kg− 1) was completely removed, meeting the international ecotextile standard limit for chlorophenol (0.05 mg·kg− 1). Finally, the physical properties of the β-CD eluted pickled hide samples were barely affected compared to the samples treated using the conventional process, confirming that β-CD could be used as a green eluting agent for sustainable leather production.

Graphical abstract