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<p>Despite advances in synthetic vascular grafts, replicating the dynamic biological functions of native microvasculature remains a critical challenge in cardiovascular tissue engineering. While polymer-based conduits offer scalability and dimensional versatility, the inherent bioinert nature leads to high failure rates in &lt; 6&#xa0;mm&#xa0;diameter applications due to thrombotic complications and mechanical mismatch with host tissue. Decellularized matrices (dECM) scaffolds emerge as a biologically strategic alternative, preserving crucial vascular basement membrane components and biomechanical cues through collagen/elastin retention. The present review systematically elaborates the research advancements, critical determinants, and practical challenges in utilizing dECM for tiny-diameter artificial vessels (inner diameter &lt; 3&#xa0;mm), while proposing three forward-looking solutions to address clinical translation barriers: (1) matrix optimization strategies through diameter-specific compliance matching and elastin reconstitution; (2) sterilization and preservation protocols preserving structural integrity with controlled immunogenicity; (3) immunomodulatory engineering via macrophage polarization regulation. The proposed methodologies establish innovative avenues for the engineering and clinical transplantation of tiny-diameter artificial vessels.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Recent advances and practical challenges in the research of decellularized matrices for the fabrication of tiny-diameter artificial arteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月24日

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  • Yan Liu,
  • Can Cheng,
  • Jiaqi Xing,
  • Zhaoxi Deng,
  • Xu Peng

摘要

Despite advances in synthetic vascular grafts, replicating the dynamic biological functions of native microvasculature remains a critical challenge in cardiovascular tissue engineering. While polymer-based conduits offer scalability and dimensional versatility, the inherent bioinert nature leads to high failure rates in < 6 mm diameter applications due to thrombotic complications and mechanical mismatch with host tissue. Decellularized matrices (dECM) scaffolds emerge as a biologically strategic alternative, preserving crucial vascular basement membrane components and biomechanical cues through collagen/elastin retention. The present review systematically elaborates the research advancements, critical determinants, and practical challenges in utilizing dECM for tiny-diameter artificial vessels (inner diameter < 3 mm), while proposing three forward-looking solutions to address clinical translation barriers: (1) matrix optimization strategies through diameter-specific compliance matching and elastin reconstitution; (2) sterilization and preservation protocols preserving structural integrity with controlled immunogenicity; (3) immunomodulatory engineering via macrophage polarization regulation. The proposed methodologies establish innovative avenues for the engineering and clinical transplantation of tiny-diameter artificial vessels.

Graphical abstract