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Background <p>This study primarily investigated the differences in rumen microbial composition and functional profiles among goats with varying degrees of rumen bloat under a high-concentrate diets (HCDs) feeding condition. Forty Nubian goats fed a HCDs were selected as experimental animals and subjected to rumen bloating (RB) scoring. From these, six goats with high bloat scores (HB group) and six goats without obvious bloat (NB group) were selected. Rumen content samples were collected via oral stomach tubes. Rumen fluid foaming characteristics and pH values were measured, and metatranscriptome sequencing was conducted to analyze microbial functions.</p> Results <p>The results demonstrated that compared to the NB group, the HB group exhibited significantly higher foaming capacity, foam stability, and viscosity of ruminal fluid, along with a significantly lower pH value (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, α-diversity indices (Chao1, ACE, and observed_species) were significantly elevated in the HB group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Annotation of rumen microbial species showed that the relative abundance of Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, <i>Dialister</i>, and <i>Dialister sp. CAG:486</i> was significantly higher in the HB group, whereas Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Treponema</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Leptotrichia hofstadii</i> and <i>Prevotella oralis</i> were significantly reduced (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed significant enrichment in several biological processes. In the Gene Ontology (GO) database, DEGs were predominantly associated with cellular protein modification, protein maturation, and ribosome biogenesis. According to KEGG pathway analysis, DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways related to endocytosis, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum.</p> Conclusion <p>In summary, under uniform feeding conditions, individual variations in goat rumen microbiota functions are associated with differences in microbial community structure and gene expression patterns. Alterations in the protein metabolism function of the rumen microbiome are associated with the presence of foaming proteins, which in turn are linked to individual differences in rumen foam production capacity. Ultimately, these associations may result in differing susceptibility and severity of RB among animals.</p>

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Differences in rumen microbiome protein metabolism are associated with individual variation in rumen bloating on high-concentrate diets

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月22日

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  • Jinju Mao,
  • Chunzheng Zhang,
  • Lizhi Wang,
  • Zhisheng Wang,
  • Bai Xue,
  • Quanhui Peng,
  • Rui Hu,
  • Jianxin Xiao

摘要

Background

This study primarily investigated the differences in rumen microbial composition and functional profiles among goats with varying degrees of rumen bloat under a high-concentrate diets (HCDs) feeding condition. Forty Nubian goats fed a HCDs were selected as experimental animals and subjected to rumen bloating (RB) scoring. From these, six goats with high bloat scores (HB group) and six goats without obvious bloat (NB group) were selected. Rumen content samples were collected via oral stomach tubes. Rumen fluid foaming characteristics and pH values were measured, and metatranscriptome sequencing was conducted to analyze microbial functions.

Results

The results demonstrated that compared to the NB group, the HB group exhibited significantly higher foaming capacity, foam stability, and viscosity of ruminal fluid, along with a significantly lower pH value (P < 0.05). Additionally, α-diversity indices (Chao1, ACE, and observed_species) were significantly elevated in the HB group (P < 0.05). Annotation of rumen microbial species showed that the relative abundance of Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Dialister, and Dialister sp. CAG:486 was significantly higher in the HB group, whereas Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, Prevotella, Bacteroides, Treponema, Lactobacillus, Leptotrichia hofstadii and Prevotella oralis were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed significant enrichment in several biological processes. In the Gene Ontology (GO) database, DEGs were predominantly associated with cellular protein modification, protein maturation, and ribosome biogenesis. According to KEGG pathway analysis, DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways related to endocytosis, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Conclusion

In summary, under uniform feeding conditions, individual variations in goat rumen microbiota functions are associated with differences in microbial community structure and gene expression patterns. Alterations in the protein metabolism function of the rumen microbiome are associated with the presence of foaming proteins, which in turn are linked to individual differences in rumen foam production capacity. Ultimately, these associations may result in differing susceptibility and severity of RB among animals.