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<p>To advance modern crop breeding by de novo domestication, Hui Lin and colleagues recently characterized an immune module in rice subspecies <i>Oryza sativa</i> subsp. <i>indica</i> (<i>OSI</i>) and <i>O. sativa</i> subsp<i>. japonica</i> (<i>OSJ</i>). The module involves rice resistance protein XA48 and the downstream transcription factor OsVOZ1. Carrying an alanine (A) to serine (S) variation, OsVOZ1 functions redundantly with OsVOZ2 in suppressing rice resistance to bacterial blight, a worldwide significant crop disease caused by <i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> pv. <i>oryzae</i> (<i>Xoo</i>). XA48, identified in an <i>OSI</i> cultivar, recognizes the <i>Xoo</i> effector XopG, confers resistance and susceptibility to XopG-harboring <i>Xoo</i> strains from Northeast and South Asia, respectively, and activates effector-triggered immunity (ETI) by degrading <i>Os</i>VOZ1/2. In resistance spectra, this ETI complements pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) mediated by XA21, a resistance protein previously identified in wild rice. The <i>Xa48–OsVOZ1</i> module has undergone asymmetric selection: <i>Xa48</i> is retained in <i>OSI</i> and lost in <i>OSJ</i>, whereas <i>OSI</i> retains both <i>OsVOZ1</i><sup><i>A/S</i></sup> alleles and <i>OSJ</i> retains only <i>OsVOZ1</i><sup><i>A</i></sup>. Although restoring XA48 to <i>OSJ</i> severely reduces grain yield, integrating XA48/ETI and XA21/PTI into modern <i>OSI</i> and <i>OSJ</i> cultivars rebuilds broad-spectrum resistance without a yield penalty, opening an avenue toward modern crop breeding using immunity sources from wild rice.</p>

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The XA48–OsVOZ1 immune module: from asymmetric domestication to PTI–ETI pyramiding for yield-penalty-free resistance

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Xiaochen Chen,
  • Suqin Xiao,
  • Hansong Dong

摘要

To advance modern crop breeding by de novo domestication, Hui Lin and colleagues recently characterized an immune module in rice subspecies Oryza sativa subsp. indica (OSI) and O. sativa subsp. japonica (OSJ). The module involves rice resistance protein XA48 and the downstream transcription factor OsVOZ1. Carrying an alanine (A) to serine (S) variation, OsVOZ1 functions redundantly with OsVOZ2 in suppressing rice resistance to bacterial blight, a worldwide significant crop disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). XA48, identified in an OSI cultivar, recognizes the Xoo effector XopG, confers resistance and susceptibility to XopG-harboring Xoo strains from Northeast and South Asia, respectively, and activates effector-triggered immunity (ETI) by degrading OsVOZ1/2. In resistance spectra, this ETI complements pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) mediated by XA21, a resistance protein previously identified in wild rice. The Xa48–OsVOZ1 module has undergone asymmetric selection: Xa48 is retained in OSI and lost in OSJ, whereas OSI retains both OsVOZ1A/S alleles and OSJ retains only OsVOZ1A. Although restoring XA48 to OSJ severely reduces grain yield, integrating XA48/ETI and XA21/PTI into modern OSI and OSJ cultivars rebuilds broad-spectrum resistance without a yield penalty, opening an avenue toward modern crop breeding using immunity sources from wild rice.