Background <p>Temperate dry grasslands host diverse communities of predatory arthropods, yet their biodiversity is increasingly threatened by habitat degradation following the abandonment of traditional land-use practices. In many regions, restoring such practices is unfeasible or economically unsustainable, highlighting the need for an alternative, cost-effective, and ecologically sound management strategy. Prescribed burning has emerged as a promising tool to reduce accumulated biomass and limit shrub encroachment. However, scattered shrubs can also enhance habitat heterogeneity and buffer arthropods against climate extremes. Despite its growing use, the indirect effects of prescribed burning on invertebrate predators mediated through changes in vegetation structure remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined how prescribed burning, in combination with the presence of common hawthorn shrubs (<i>Crataegus monogyna</i> Jacq.), affects environmental conditions (i.e., litter cover and plant species richness) and the assemblages of spiders and ground beetles in temperate dry grasslands of the Dunajovice Hills National Nature Monument, Czech Republic. Predatory arthropods were sampled using pitfall traps across six sites, covering four treatments: burnt patches, burnt patches beneath hawthorn, control patches, and control patches beneath hawthorn.</p> Results <p>We recorded 1703 spiders (107 species), 291 ground beetles (35 species), and 126 species of vascular plants. Burnt patches strongly favored xerothermophilous spider species, including several species of conservation concern. In contrast, burnt patches beneath hawthorns supported assemblages of moisture-habitat and shade-tolerant spider species, resulting in higher trait diversity (RaoQ). Control patches supported a greater proportion of shade-tolerant ground beetle species compared to burnt patches. Plant species richness was positively associated with spider species density, independent of treatment.</p> Conclusions <p>Our findings demonstrate that prescribed burning can enhance predatory arthropod biodiversity in temperate dry grasslands, particularly when combined with the retention of scattered hawthorn shrubs. These results are directly applicable to land managers and conservation practitioners working in temperate, nutrient-poor dry grasslands, especially in regions where traditional land-use practices have declined. When applied in late winter, before peak arthropod activity, prescribed burning represents a cost-effective and ecologically viable management strategy for maintaining&#xa0;predatory arthropod diversity in both managed and abandoned dry grasslands.</p>