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Background <p>The intensive use of herbicides in agriculture raises concerns about their residual impacts on non-target crops such as cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.), which is often rotated with cereals, sugar beet, and canola. Butisanstar (BUT) and clopyralid (CLO) are widely used for broadleaf weed control in these rotations. However, how residual herbicide activity influences cotton growth and development is not well understood. This study evaluated these residual effects by measuring multiple growth parameters in a greenhouse. Cotton was grown for 40&#xa0;days in soil incubated for 90&#xa0;days with herbicide treatments arranged in a factorial design (type: BUT, CLO, and their combination; dose: 0, ½, 1, 2, and 5 × recommended field dose [RFD]).</p> Results <p>Herbicide residues reduced cotton growth in a dose-dependent manner, with greater inhibition at higher doses. The combined BUT + CLO treatment produced the strongest negative effects, followed by CLO and then BUT alone. Compared with controls, seedling emergence declined by 12%–83%, root length by 12%–87%, plant height by 10%–84%, and chlorophyll index by 12%–80% across treatments from ½ × RFD BUT to 5 × RFD BUT + CLO. Root and shoot biomass also decreased significantly. Under the 5 × RFD combined treatment, shoot N, P, and K concentrations dropped by 48%, 78%, and 70%, respectively, relative to the control.</p> Conclusions <p>Even low levels of residual BUT and CLO impair cotton growth. To mitigate these effects, it should&#xa0;avoid planting cotton on recently treated soils, leave&#xa0;sufficient intervals between herbicide application and cotton&#xa0;planting, and apply soil amendments to boost microbial degradation. These measures are essential for sustaining soil health and cotton productivity.</p>

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Residual effects of butisanstar and clopyralid herbicides on Gossypium hirsutum L. growth: insights from a pot experiment

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月26日

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  • Soltani Toularoud Ali Ashraf,
  • Golchin Ahmad,
  • Rouhi-Kelarlou Tohid

摘要

Background

The intensive use of herbicides in agriculture raises concerns about their residual impacts on non-target crops such as cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), which is often rotated with cereals, sugar beet, and canola. Butisanstar (BUT) and clopyralid (CLO) are widely used for broadleaf weed control in these rotations. However, how residual herbicide activity influences cotton growth and development is not well understood. This study evaluated these residual effects by measuring multiple growth parameters in a greenhouse. Cotton was grown for 40 days in soil incubated for 90 days with herbicide treatments arranged in a factorial design (type: BUT, CLO, and their combination; dose: 0, ½, 1, 2, and 5 × recommended field dose [RFD]).

Results

Herbicide residues reduced cotton growth in a dose-dependent manner, with greater inhibition at higher doses. The combined BUT + CLO treatment produced the strongest negative effects, followed by CLO and then BUT alone. Compared with controls, seedling emergence declined by 12%–83%, root length by 12%–87%, plant height by 10%–84%, and chlorophyll index by 12%–80% across treatments from ½ × RFD BUT to 5 × RFD BUT + CLO. Root and shoot biomass also decreased significantly. Under the 5 × RFD combined treatment, shoot N, P, and K concentrations dropped by 48%, 78%, and 70%, respectively, relative to the control.

Conclusions

Even low levels of residual BUT and CLO impair cotton growth. To mitigate these effects, it should avoid planting cotton on recently treated soils, leave sufficient intervals between herbicide application and cotton planting, and apply soil amendments to boost microbial degradation. These measures are essential for sustaining soil health and cotton productivity.