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Objectives <p>Dental plaque and bacterial infections are common oral health issues. Current mouthwashes often have side effects; therefore, incorporating microencapsulated phycocyanin into mouthwash formulations may improve antioxidant and antibacterial properties.</p> Materials and methods <p>Phycocyanin was isolated from the cyanobacterial strain <i>Neowestiellopsis persica</i> A1387 and microencapsulated using alginate. Three mouthwash formulations were prepared: containing microencapsulated phycocyanin, non-encapsulated phycocyanin, and a control without phycocyanin. Formulations were evaluated for organoleptic properties, antibacterial activity, pH, and stability over 90 days under refrigerated conditions (3–5&#xa0;°C).</p> Results <p>Encapsulation efficiency was 95 ± 0.02%. Over 90 days, antioxidant activity increased by approximately 10% in the non-encapsulated formulation and 29% in the microencapsulated phycocyanin formulation (IC50 = 28.56 ± 0.01). MIC values decreased by approximately 80% and 85%, while MBC values were reduced by approximately 67% and 79%, respectively. The inhibition zone against Streptococcus mutans increased by approximately 17% and 20% (9.90 ± 0.10&#xa0;mm, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). TEM images revealed membrane disruption and bacterial cell death induced by microencapsulated phycocyanin.</p> Conclusions <p>Overall, our findings demonstrate that microencapsulation significantly improves the antibacterial and antioxidant performance of phycocyanin.</p> Clinical relevance <p>Mouthwashes containing this bioactive compound could serve as an effective and natural alternative to commercially available products.</p>

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Production of a mouthwash enriched with phycocyanin extracted from Neowestiellopsis persica A1387 microencapsulated with alginate to enhance antioxidant and antibacterial properties against Streptococcus mutans

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月25日

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  • Bahareh Nowruzi,
  • Hassan Beiranvand

摘要

Objectives

Dental plaque and bacterial infections are common oral health issues. Current mouthwashes often have side effects; therefore, incorporating microencapsulated phycocyanin into mouthwash formulations may improve antioxidant and antibacterial properties.

Materials and methods

Phycocyanin was isolated from the cyanobacterial strain Neowestiellopsis persica A1387 and microencapsulated using alginate. Three mouthwash formulations were prepared: containing microencapsulated phycocyanin, non-encapsulated phycocyanin, and a control without phycocyanin. Formulations were evaluated for organoleptic properties, antibacterial activity, pH, and stability over 90 days under refrigerated conditions (3–5 °C).

Results

Encapsulation efficiency was 95 ± 0.02%. Over 90 days, antioxidant activity increased by approximately 10% in the non-encapsulated formulation and 29% in the microencapsulated phycocyanin formulation (IC50 = 28.56 ± 0.01). MIC values decreased by approximately 80% and 85%, while MBC values were reduced by approximately 67% and 79%, respectively. The inhibition zone against Streptococcus mutans increased by approximately 17% and 20% (9.90 ± 0.10 mm, p < 0.05). TEM images revealed membrane disruption and bacterial cell death induced by microencapsulated phycocyanin.

Conclusions

Overall, our findings demonstrate that microencapsulation significantly improves the antibacterial and antioxidant performance of phycocyanin.

Clinical relevance

Mouthwashes containing this bioactive compound could serve as an effective and natural alternative to commercially available products.