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<p>Styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) is widely employed in applications requiring a balance of mechanical strength, processability, and wear resistance, such as vehicle track pads. However, conventional fillers such as carbon black and silica present limitations in simultaneously enhancing multiple performance attributes. In this study, graphene nanoplatelets were incorporated at low loadings (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 phr) into SBR to evaluate their effect on vulcanization behavior, thermal stability, hardness, and wear resistance. Graphene incorporation increased the crosslink density of SBR by up to 17% but did not significantly affect curing kinetics, with all formulations showing an optimum cure time of approximately 18&#xa0;min. Thermal analysis revealed no significant changes in the main degradation pathways of SBR, although the increase in glass transition temperature suggests restricted chain mobility. Shore D hardness increased with increasing graphene content, rising from 31 at 0 phr to 33.4 at 0.5 phr, confirming the reinforcing effect of graphene nanoplatelets at low concentrations. Wear performance, evaluated by both mass-loss and volume-loss abrasion tests, demonstrated a clear reduction in wear with increasing graphene content. The best performance was observed for 0.5 phr graphene, where mass loss decreased up to 26% compared to neat SBR. These results contrast with previous studies that reported deterioration in abrasion resistance at higher graphene loadings, supporting the hypothesis that graphene acts as a reinforcing filler only at low concentrations. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of graphene nanoplatelets to improve hardness and abrasion resistance in SBR without compromising curing or thermal stability.</p>

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Enhancing wear resistance of styrene-butadiene rubber composites through graphene nanoplatelets reinforcement

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月1日

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  • Moises Xavier Guimarães Valentim,
  • Dalton Daniel de Lima,
  • Caroline Raquel Bender,
  • Janaína da Silva Crespo,
  • Natália de Freitas Daudt

摘要

Styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) is widely employed in applications requiring a balance of mechanical strength, processability, and wear resistance, such as vehicle track pads. However, conventional fillers such as carbon black and silica present limitations in simultaneously enhancing multiple performance attributes. In this study, graphene nanoplatelets were incorporated at low loadings (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 phr) into SBR to evaluate their effect on vulcanization behavior, thermal stability, hardness, and wear resistance. Graphene incorporation increased the crosslink density of SBR by up to 17% but did not significantly affect curing kinetics, with all formulations showing an optimum cure time of approximately 18 min. Thermal analysis revealed no significant changes in the main degradation pathways of SBR, although the increase in glass transition temperature suggests restricted chain mobility. Shore D hardness increased with increasing graphene content, rising from 31 at 0 phr to 33.4 at 0.5 phr, confirming the reinforcing effect of graphene nanoplatelets at low concentrations. Wear performance, evaluated by both mass-loss and volume-loss abrasion tests, demonstrated a clear reduction in wear with increasing graphene content. The best performance was observed for 0.5 phr graphene, where mass loss decreased up to 26% compared to neat SBR. These results contrast with previous studies that reported deterioration in abrasion resistance at higher graphene loadings, supporting the hypothesis that graphene acts as a reinforcing filler only at low concentrations. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of graphene nanoplatelets to improve hardness and abrasion resistance in SBR without compromising curing or thermal stability.