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<p>Battery energy storage systems are an important part of modern power systems as a solution to maintain grid balance. However, such systems are often remotely managed using cloud-based control systems. This exposes them to cyberattacks that could result in catastrophic consequences for the electrical grid and the connected infrastructure. This paper takes a step towards advancing understanding of these systems and investigates the effects of cyberattacks targeting them. We propose a reference model for an electrical grid cloud-controlled load-balancing system connected to remote battery energy storage systems. The reference model is evaluated from a cybersecurity perspective by implementing and simulating various cyberattacks. The results reveal the system’s attack surface and demonstrate the impact of cyberattacks that can critically threaten the security and stability of the electrical grid.</p>

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From balance to breach: cyber threats to battery energy storage systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月20日

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  • Frans Öhrström,
  • Joakim Oscarsson,
  • Zeeshan Afzal,
  • János Dani,
  • Mikael Asplund

摘要

Battery energy storage systems are an important part of modern power systems as a solution to maintain grid balance. However, such systems are often remotely managed using cloud-based control systems. This exposes them to cyberattacks that could result in catastrophic consequences for the electrical grid and the connected infrastructure. This paper takes a step towards advancing understanding of these systems and investigates the effects of cyberattacks targeting them. We propose a reference model for an electrical grid cloud-controlled load-balancing system connected to remote battery energy storage systems. The reference model is evaluated from a cybersecurity perspective by implementing and simulating various cyberattacks. The results reveal the system’s attack surface and demonstrate the impact of cyberattacks that can critically threaten the security and stability of the electrical grid.