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Background <p>The goal of our analysis is to provide technical information and clinical long-term data on arterial embolization for non-ischemic priapism. Furthermore, this study presents a comprehensive literature review.</p> Methods <p>We analyzed patient data from June 2005 to June 2025 at a large university hospital, focusing on patients with non-ischemic priapism lasting over 1&#xa0;week, unresponsive to conservative treatment, and referred for arterial embolization. Age, symptom etiology, initial diagnostic modality, embolic agent, uni- or bilateral arterial supply of the fistula/pseudoaneurysm, technical success, clinical outcome, need for a second attempt, erectile dysfunction, adverse events, and mean follow-up time needed were assessed. Findings were contextualized with studies from the past two decades.</p> Results <p>A total of 15 male patients with non-ischemic priapism due to blunt, penetrating trauma or of idiopathic origin, were included in this analysis. The embolic agents chosen included gelatin sponge, polyvinyl alcohol particles, autologous clot, microcoils, and a combination of microcoils with gelatin sponge or polyvinyl alcohol particles. Technical success was achieved in 14 patients (93.3%). A second or third intervention was needed in three cases (20.0%) to achieve clinical success. Documented adverse events included procedure-related findings such as penile skin changes and deviation in two patients (13.3%). No new cases of erectile dysfunction were reported (0%).</p> Conclusion <p>Our findings support super-selective arterial embolization as a safe, technically successful, and minimally invasive therapy option for non-ischemic priapism after conservative measures fail. Moreover, our data suggest that arterial embolization is associated with long-term symptom improvement without significantly impairing sexual function.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Super-selective arterial embolization in the therapy of non-ischemic priapism—a single-center study and literature review

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月18日

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  • Carolina Dominguez Aleixo,
  • Maximilian de Bucourt,
  • Maximilian Lindholz,
  • Markus Lerchbaumer,
  • Uli Fehrenbach,
  • Federico Collettini,
  • Bernhard Gebauer,
  • Julian Lenk,
  • Timo Alexander Auer

摘要

Background

The goal of our analysis is to provide technical information and clinical long-term data on arterial embolization for non-ischemic priapism. Furthermore, this study presents a comprehensive literature review.

Methods

We analyzed patient data from June 2005 to June 2025 at a large university hospital, focusing on patients with non-ischemic priapism lasting over 1 week, unresponsive to conservative treatment, and referred for arterial embolization. Age, symptom etiology, initial diagnostic modality, embolic agent, uni- or bilateral arterial supply of the fistula/pseudoaneurysm, technical success, clinical outcome, need for a second attempt, erectile dysfunction, adverse events, and mean follow-up time needed were assessed. Findings were contextualized with studies from the past two decades.

Results

A total of 15 male patients with non-ischemic priapism due to blunt, penetrating trauma or of idiopathic origin, were included in this analysis. The embolic agents chosen included gelatin sponge, polyvinyl alcohol particles, autologous clot, microcoils, and a combination of microcoils with gelatin sponge or polyvinyl alcohol particles. Technical success was achieved in 14 patients (93.3%). A second or third intervention was needed in three cases (20.0%) to achieve clinical success. Documented adverse events included procedure-related findings such as penile skin changes and deviation in two patients (13.3%). No new cases of erectile dysfunction were reported (0%).

Conclusion

Our findings support super-selective arterial embolization as a safe, technically successful, and minimally invasive therapy option for non-ischemic priapism after conservative measures fail. Moreover, our data suggest that arterial embolization is associated with long-term symptom improvement without significantly impairing sexual function.

Graphical Abstract