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Background <p>Temperature fluctuations are common in nature, and insects are frequently exposed to thermal stress that can influence life-history traits and overall fitness. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of high temperature exposure (39&#xa0;°C and 40&#xa0;°C) and <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> subsp<i>. israelensis</i> (Bti; 1&#xa0;ppm and 1.5&#xa0;ppm) on the life-history traits <i>of Aedes aegypti</i> and <i>Aedes albopictus</i>. The effects of thermal stress and Bti were assessed in the exposed parental generation (F0) as well as in their first-generation progeny (F1) to determine potential transgenerational effects.</p> Results <p>Temperature stress and Bti exposure significantly influenced multiple life-history traits in both <i>Aedes</i> species. Thermal stress reduced survival, longevity, fecundity, and hatchability, while accelerating larval development and producing a female-biased sex ratio. Bti exposure significantly reduced survival and reproductive potential in both mosquito species. In the F1 generation, Bti exposure increased developmental time and reduced fecundity and hatchability, indicating transgenerational effects. However, the effects of thermal stress alone and in combination with Bti were not uniform across all life-history traits in the F1 generation, and responses varied depending on the trait and mosquito species.</p> Conclusions <p>The present findings indicate that Bti remains effective under elevated temperature conditions and may serve as a useful component of integrated <i>Aedes</i> mosquito management strategies. Combined exposure to thermal stress and Bti reduced survival and reproductive performance in both mosquito species. These results highlight the importance of considering environmental temperature when evaluating mosquito population dynamics and vector control strategies under changing climatic conditions.</p>

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Effects of temperature and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis on life history traits of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquito species

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月31日

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  • T. Sarita Achari,
  • Tapan Kumar Barik

摘要

Background

Temperature fluctuations are common in nature, and insects are frequently exposed to thermal stress that can influence life-history traits and overall fitness. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of high temperature exposure (39 °C and 40 °C) and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti; 1 ppm and 1.5 ppm) on the life-history traits of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The effects of thermal stress and Bti were assessed in the exposed parental generation (F0) as well as in their first-generation progeny (F1) to determine potential transgenerational effects.

Results

Temperature stress and Bti exposure significantly influenced multiple life-history traits in both Aedes species. Thermal stress reduced survival, longevity, fecundity, and hatchability, while accelerating larval development and producing a female-biased sex ratio. Bti exposure significantly reduced survival and reproductive potential in both mosquito species. In the F1 generation, Bti exposure increased developmental time and reduced fecundity and hatchability, indicating transgenerational effects. However, the effects of thermal stress alone and in combination with Bti were not uniform across all life-history traits in the F1 generation, and responses varied depending on the trait and mosquito species.

Conclusions

The present findings indicate that Bti remains effective under elevated temperature conditions and may serve as a useful component of integrated Aedes mosquito management strategies. Combined exposure to thermal stress and Bti reduced survival and reproductive performance in both mosquito species. These results highlight the importance of considering environmental temperature when evaluating mosquito population dynamics and vector control strategies under changing climatic conditions.