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Background <p>Mastitis is a prevalent condition impacting dairy animals worldwide. Andrographolide, a diterpene lactone, is known to have potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. This study evaluates the protective effects of andrographolide in a mouse model of LPS-induced mastitis. The mice were divided into five groups (Control, LPS, LPS/ADG/1, LPS/ADG/10, LPS/DEX) and challenged with intramammary LPS.</p> Results <p>LPS administration significantly increased NF-κB activation, inflammatory cytokines, myeloperoxidase activity, and oxidative stress, along with increased iNOS expression and histopathological alterations in the mammary tissue. It also reduced anti-oxidant enzymes, altered mitochondrial citrate synthase, cytochrome c oxidase, and relative mitochondrial DNA copy number. Pretreatment with andrographolide against LPS administration caused attenuated inflammatory responses, reduced oxidative stress and iNOS expression, myeloperoxidase activity, and improved anti-oxidant enzyme levels, mitochondrial parameters, and structural changes induced by LPS.</p> Conclusion <p>Andrographolide ameliorates the LPS-induced mastitis in mice through attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial alterations, and structural changes.</p>

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Andrographolide mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis in a mouse model: role of oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Sonam Sarita Bal,
  • Geeta Devi Leishangthem,
  • Nittin Dev Singh,
  • Sushree Sangita Mohapatra

摘要

Background

Mastitis is a prevalent condition impacting dairy animals worldwide. Andrographolide, a diterpene lactone, is known to have potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. This study evaluates the protective effects of andrographolide in a mouse model of LPS-induced mastitis. The mice were divided into five groups (Control, LPS, LPS/ADG/1, LPS/ADG/10, LPS/DEX) and challenged with intramammary LPS.

Results

LPS administration significantly increased NF-κB activation, inflammatory cytokines, myeloperoxidase activity, and oxidative stress, along with increased iNOS expression and histopathological alterations in the mammary tissue. It also reduced anti-oxidant enzymes, altered mitochondrial citrate synthase, cytochrome c oxidase, and relative mitochondrial DNA copy number. Pretreatment with andrographolide against LPS administration caused attenuated inflammatory responses, reduced oxidative stress and iNOS expression, myeloperoxidase activity, and improved anti-oxidant enzyme levels, mitochondrial parameters, and structural changes induced by LPS.

Conclusion

Andrographolide ameliorates the LPS-induced mastitis in mice through attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial alterations, and structural changes.