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Background <p><i>Galleria mellonella</i> is a destructive pest of honeybee colonies, its strong tolerance to temperature extremes and ultraviolet radiation facilitates its wide distribution and infestation. Small heat shock proteins (<i>sHsps</i>) play critical roles in insect development and in adaptive responses to environmental stresses. In this study, the molecular characteristics and expression patterns of the small heat shock protein gene <i>GmsHsp12.2</i> were investigated in <i>G. mellonella</i>.</p> Methods <p>Based on a previously generated transcriptome dataset, the full-length coding sequence (CDS) of <i>GmsHsp12.2</i> was cloned using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequently analyzed using bioinformatics approaches. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using MEGA-X software. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed to examine the expression profiles of <i>GmsHsp12.2</i> across different developmental stages, in various tissues, and under environmental stress conditions, including high temperature, low temperature, and ultraviolet-A (UV-A) exposure.</p> Results <p>The obtained CDS was 504&#xa0;bp in length and encoded a protein of 167 amino acids containing the conserved α-crystallin domain characteristic of the sHsp family. The results revealed that <i>GmsHsp12.2</i> expression was highest in fourth-instar larvae and Malpighian tubules. Moreover, the gene was significantly upregulated in response to high temperature (36&#xa0;°C), low temperature (4&#xa0;°C), and UV-A stress, with peak expression occurring at 90, 120, and 60&#xa0;min, respectively.</p> Conclusion <p>These findings indicated that <i>GmsHsp12.2</i> is a stress-responsive gene and may function as a molecular chaperone involved in thermal and ultraviolet stress adaptation during the development of <i>G. mellonella</i>. This study provides a molecular basis for understanding stress adaptation mechanisms in this economically important pest and supports the development of novel pest management strategies targeting stress-related genes.</p>

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Cloning and expression analysis of the small heat shock protein gene GmsHsp12.2 in Galleria mellonella under thermal and UV-A stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Yangyang Liu,
  • Xuyu Ran,
  • Binkai Ma,
  • Rong Wang,
  • Manqi Chen,
  • Yu Feng,
  • Zuzhen Li,
  • Guoyong Li

摘要

Background

Galleria mellonella is a destructive pest of honeybee colonies, its strong tolerance to temperature extremes and ultraviolet radiation facilitates its wide distribution and infestation. Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) play critical roles in insect development and in adaptive responses to environmental stresses. In this study, the molecular characteristics and expression patterns of the small heat shock protein gene GmsHsp12.2 were investigated in G. mellonella.

Methods

Based on a previously generated transcriptome dataset, the full-length coding sequence (CDS) of GmsHsp12.2 was cloned using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequently analyzed using bioinformatics approaches. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using MEGA-X software. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed to examine the expression profiles of GmsHsp12.2 across different developmental stages, in various tissues, and under environmental stress conditions, including high temperature, low temperature, and ultraviolet-A (UV-A) exposure.

Results

The obtained CDS was 504 bp in length and encoded a protein of 167 amino acids containing the conserved α-crystallin domain characteristic of the sHsp family. The results revealed that GmsHsp12.2 expression was highest in fourth-instar larvae and Malpighian tubules. Moreover, the gene was significantly upregulated in response to high temperature (36 °C), low temperature (4 °C), and UV-A stress, with peak expression occurring at 90, 120, and 60 min, respectively.

Conclusion

These findings indicated that GmsHsp12.2 is a stress-responsive gene and may function as a molecular chaperone involved in thermal and ultraviolet stress adaptation during the development of G. mellonella. This study provides a molecular basis for understanding stress adaptation mechanisms in this economically important pest and supports the development of novel pest management strategies targeting stress-related genes.