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Background <p>Arthropod-borne pathogens, particularly hemotropic <i>Mycoplasma</i> species, are well documented in cattle; however, their occurrence and clinical relevance in buffaloes remain poorly understood. This report describes the molecular detection and phylogenetic characterization of “<i>Candidatus</i> Mycoplasma haematobovis<i>”</i> in a buffalo calf presenting with acute hemolytic crisis and anemia, concurrently infected with <i>Theileria</i> spp. and <i>Anaplasma/Ehrlichia</i> spp.</p> Results <p>A three-month-old female buffalo calf was referred to the ruminant medicine unit with a history of hyporexia, weakness, and one-day history of coffee-colored urine. Clinical evaluation and laboratory investigations, including complete blood count, blood smear, fecal examination, serum phosphorus and creatinine estimation, and PCR screening for common vector-borne pathogens (<i>Theileria</i>,<i> Babesia</i>,<i> Trypanosoma</i>,<i> Anaplasma/Ehrlichia</i>, and hemotropic <i>Mycoplasma</i> spp.) was conducted. The findings revealed severe anemia with polychromasia and anisocytosis, mildly elevated creatinine, and hemoglobinuria, consistent with acute hemolysis. PCR confirmed co-infections with <i>Theileria</i>,<i> Anaplasma/Ehrlichia</i>, and hemotropic <i>Mycoplasma</i>. Sequencing confirmed the hemoplasma as “<i>Candidatus</i> M. haematobovis<i>”</i>, an emerging multi-host pathogen rarely reported from tropical India, with the sequence deposited in GenBank (accession no. PX208924). Phylogenetic analysis showed close genetic relatedness to isolates from diverse host species worldwide. A therapeutic regimen comprising diminazene aceturate, oxytetracycline, and supportive treatment was provided.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings underscore the pathogenic potential of “<i>Candidatus</i> M. haematobovis<i>”</i> in buffaloes, particularly under concurrent hemoparasitic infections, and highlight the need for advanced molecular diagnostics and integrated vector control strategies.</p>

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Phylogenetic characterization of hemotropic Mycoplasma in a buffalo calf with acute hemolytic crisis and co-infections from India

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月9日

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  • D. Akilkumar,
  • Y. Ajith,
  • S. Gireesh Sangeetha,
  • Rose Sherin,
  • Sasi Adithya,
  • Varghese Diana,
  • S. Muthulakshmi,
  • Siju Susan Jacob,
  • P. V. Tresamol

摘要

Background

Arthropod-borne pathogens, particularly hemotropic Mycoplasma species, are well documented in cattle; however, their occurrence and clinical relevance in buffaloes remain poorly understood. This report describes the molecular detection and phylogenetic characterization of “Candidatus Mycoplasma haematobovis” in a buffalo calf presenting with acute hemolytic crisis and anemia, concurrently infected with Theileria spp. and Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp.

Results

A three-month-old female buffalo calf was referred to the ruminant medicine unit with a history of hyporexia, weakness, and one-day history of coffee-colored urine. Clinical evaluation and laboratory investigations, including complete blood count, blood smear, fecal examination, serum phosphorus and creatinine estimation, and PCR screening for common vector-borne pathogens (Theileria, Babesia, Trypanosoma, Anaplasma/Ehrlichia, and hemotropic Mycoplasma spp.) was conducted. The findings revealed severe anemia with polychromasia and anisocytosis, mildly elevated creatinine, and hemoglobinuria, consistent with acute hemolysis. PCR confirmed co-infections with Theileria, Anaplasma/Ehrlichia, and hemotropic Mycoplasma. Sequencing confirmed the hemoplasma as “Candidatus M. haematobovis”, an emerging multi-host pathogen rarely reported from tropical India, with the sequence deposited in GenBank (accession no. PX208924). Phylogenetic analysis showed close genetic relatedness to isolates from diverse host species worldwide. A therapeutic regimen comprising diminazene aceturate, oxytetracycline, and supportive treatment was provided.

Conclusions

These findings underscore the pathogenic potential of “Candidatus M. haematobovis” in buffaloes, particularly under concurrent hemoparasitic infections, and highlight the need for advanced molecular diagnostics and integrated vector control strategies.