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Background <p>Different methods of age estimation have been proposed and consolidated in the literature. Among them, the Nicodemo, Moraes &amp; Medici Filho Method (1974) (“Nicodemo’s method”—NMM) was developed.</p> Main body <p>This systematic review aimed to assess the accuracy of the NMM method in estimating the age of children, adolescents, and young adults. Observational studies that used the NMM method to estimate the age of healthy individuals, via panoramic radiographs, were included. No restrictions on language or year of publication were applied. The electronic search was conducted in major scientific platforms (Embase, LILACS, BBO, CUMED, MedLine via PubMed and Scopus) and grey literature (EASY and Google Scholar). The risk of bias of the studies was assessed using the JBI checklist. The search identified fifteen eligible studies (<i>n</i> = 6505 individuals aged 3–25&#xa0;years). The studies were conducted between 1999 and 2024 and had a low to moderate risk of bias. Most of the studies were conducted in Brazil (<i>n</i> = 13). All teeth were included. The authors applied the NMM method based on the method's accuracy rate or by averaging the estimated and chronological ages. The method's accuracy rate varied between 16.8% and 82.9%. The younger age groups (between 7.5 and 10&#xa0;years) showed a higher percentage of accuracy.</p> Conclusion <p>The NMM method was not accurate in estimating the age of individuals over 14&#xa0;years old, and underestimated age in most studies. The application of the method should be performed with caution, and the association with other age estimation methods is recommended.</p>

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Nicodemo’s method for age estimation of children, adolescents and young adults: a systematic review focusing on accuracy

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月16日

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  • Raquel Porto Alegre Valente,
  • Murilo Navarro de Oliveira,
  • Silvio Pedro da Silva Sakamoto,
  • Rubens Spin-Neto,
  • Carolina de Paula Rossetto Lisboa,
  • Walbert de Andrade Vieira,
  • Luiz Renato Paranhos

摘要

Background

Different methods of age estimation have been proposed and consolidated in the literature. Among them, the Nicodemo, Moraes & Medici Filho Method (1974) (“Nicodemo’s method”—NMM) was developed.

Main body

This systematic review aimed to assess the accuracy of the NMM method in estimating the age of children, adolescents, and young adults. Observational studies that used the NMM method to estimate the age of healthy individuals, via panoramic radiographs, were included. No restrictions on language or year of publication were applied. The electronic search was conducted in major scientific platforms (Embase, LILACS, BBO, CUMED, MedLine via PubMed and Scopus) and grey literature (EASY and Google Scholar). The risk of bias of the studies was assessed using the JBI checklist. The search identified fifteen eligible studies (n = 6505 individuals aged 3–25 years). The studies were conducted between 1999 and 2024 and had a low to moderate risk of bias. Most of the studies were conducted in Brazil (n = 13). All teeth were included. The authors applied the NMM method based on the method's accuracy rate or by averaging the estimated and chronological ages. The method's accuracy rate varied between 16.8% and 82.9%. The younger age groups (between 7.5 and 10 years) showed a higher percentage of accuracy.

Conclusion

The NMM method was not accurate in estimating the age of individuals over 14 years old, and underestimated age in most studies. The application of the method should be performed with caution, and the association with other age estimation methods is recommended.