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Background <p>This study is an external evaluation of the Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) EFAS-DK developed by the European Foot and Ankle Society (EFAS). The evaluation included a test of the psychometric properties.</p> Methodology <p>From October 2019 to September 2022, 101 patients undergoing elective foot or ankle surgery completed questionnaires (EFAS-DK, SEFAS-DK, EQ-5D-5L) prior to surgery and 6 months post-surgery. A subgroup of patients completed a retest. A foot-healthy group control group was added. Testing covered construct validity with hypothesis testing, floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha), test-retest reliability (ICC 2.1), effect size (ES), Standardized Response Mean (SRM), Smallest Detectable Change (SDC) and Minimal Important Change (MIC).</p> Results <p>Moderate construct validity with 59% confirmed hypothesis. High content validity, no floor ceiling effects. Cronbach’s alpha 0.88, ICC 0.93. ES and SRM were both 1.06. SDC 4 and MIC 6. Control group score changes was insignificant.</p> Conclusion <p>EFAS-DK is a valid, reliable, and responsive foot and ankle PROM score. EFAS-DK can detect a clinically subjective relevant change score of 6 (25% of the total scale), which makes it useful for implementation in the clinic when evaluating patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery. Comparison with a control group showed results that significantly differ from the patients.</p> Level of evidence <p>IIa prospective observational analytic cohort study.</p>

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Validity, reliability, responsiveness and interpretability of the EFAS-DK PROM: an observational cohort study of Danish speaking foot and ankle patients

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月13日

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  • Mick Nielsen,
  • Jens Kurt Johansen,
  • Anna Kathrine Pramming,
  • Jeannette Østergaard Penny

摘要

Background

This study is an external evaluation of the Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) EFAS-DK developed by the European Foot and Ankle Society (EFAS). The evaluation included a test of the psychometric properties.

Methodology

From October 2019 to September 2022, 101 patients undergoing elective foot or ankle surgery completed questionnaires (EFAS-DK, SEFAS-DK, EQ-5D-5L) prior to surgery and 6 months post-surgery. A subgroup of patients completed a retest. A foot-healthy group control group was added. Testing covered construct validity with hypothesis testing, floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha), test-retest reliability (ICC 2.1), effect size (ES), Standardized Response Mean (SRM), Smallest Detectable Change (SDC) and Minimal Important Change (MIC).

Results

Moderate construct validity with 59% confirmed hypothesis. High content validity, no floor ceiling effects. Cronbach’s alpha 0.88, ICC 0.93. ES and SRM were both 1.06. SDC 4 and MIC 6. Control group score changes was insignificant.

Conclusion

EFAS-DK is a valid, reliable, and responsive foot and ankle PROM score. EFAS-DK can detect a clinically subjective relevant change score of 6 (25% of the total scale), which makes it useful for implementation in the clinic when evaluating patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery. Comparison with a control group showed results that significantly differ from the patients.

Level of evidence

IIa prospective observational analytic cohort study.