Background <p>With the global aging population, promoting healthy aging through diet and gut microbiota awareness has become increasingly important. The Mediterranean diet is known to positively influence gut microbiota composition and metabolic health, but limited data exist on how microbiota awareness impacts diet adherence and health outcomes among older adults. </p> Objective <p>To examine the association between microbiota awareness and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical parameters in older adults.</p> Methods <p>This cross-sectional study was conducted with 508 adults aged ≥ 60&#xa0;years attending family health centers in Bandirma, Turkey. Data were collected using the Microbiota Awareness Scale, the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), anthropometric measurements, and biochemical records (fasting glucose, lipid profile). Associations were examined using multivariable linear regression models adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.</p> Results <p>Mean age of participants was 68.87 ± 6.46&#xa0;years; 63.4% were women. Mean microbiota awareness score was 60.35 ± 11.58, and Mediterranean diet adherence score was 7.75 ± 2.05. Higher microbiota awareness was significantly associated with greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet (<i>β</i> = 0.103, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), lower waist (<i>β</i> = −0.103, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and neck circumference (<i>β</i> = −0.088, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). No significant associations were found between microbiota awareness and BMI or biochemical parameters.</p> Conclusions <p>Microbiota awareness is positively associated with diet quality and central obesity markers in older adults. Interventions targeting microbiota literacy may enhance adherence to healthy diets and support healthy aging.</p>