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Purpose <p>The association between symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) needs to be better characterized in obese adults seeking weight loss. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between GAD symptoms and UPF consumption in this Population.</p> Methods <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 148 adults (19–59&#xa0;years old) with obesity recruited from a Brazilian university. Food consumption was assessed using three 24-h dietary recalls, which were classified according to the NOVA food classification system. GAD was measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Linear regression models adjusted for confounding factors, such as sex, age, economic status, and physical activity, were used to analyze the association between anxiety symptoms and UPF consumption.</p> Results <p>The average UPF consumption was 22.49% of total energy intake, and the mean GAD-7 score was 9.21. Higher GAD-7 scores were associated with greater UPF consumption (<i>β</i> = 0.44%; 95% CI 0.06%, 0.82%; <i>p</i> = 0.023). There was no significant association between GAD and the intake of sodium (<i>β</i> =  − 21.09&#xa0;mg; 95% CI − 58.30, 16.11&#xa0;mg; <i>p</i> = 0.264), sugar (<i>β</i> =  − 0.11%; 95% CI − 0.33, 0.09%; <i>p</i> = 0.268), or saturated fat (<i>β</i> = 0.29%; 95% CI − 0.01, 0.61%; <i>p</i> = 0.065).</p> Conclusion <p>Obese adults seeking weight loss who had higher anxiety symptoms consumed more UPF, suggesting a relationship between anxiety and dietary patterns. Longitudinal studies are needed to explore causality and underlying mechanisms.</p>

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Association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and generalized anxiety disorder in adults with obesity seeking weight loss

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月21日

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  • João Victor Laurindo dos Santos,
  • Dafiny Rodrigues Silva,
  • Samyra Araujo Monteiro de Carvalho,
  • Débora Cavalcante Ferro,
  • Rodrigo Tenório Lins Carnaúba,
  • Natália Gomes da Silva Lopes,
  • Mateus de Lima Macena,
  • André Eduardo Silva Júnior,
  • Ingrid Sofia Vieira de Melo,
  • Nassib Bezerra Bueno

摘要

Purpose

The association between symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) needs to be better characterized in obese adults seeking weight loss. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between GAD symptoms and UPF consumption in this Population.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 148 adults (19–59 years old) with obesity recruited from a Brazilian university. Food consumption was assessed using three 24-h dietary recalls, which were classified according to the NOVA food classification system. GAD was measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Linear regression models adjusted for confounding factors, such as sex, age, economic status, and physical activity, were used to analyze the association between anxiety symptoms and UPF consumption.

Results

The average UPF consumption was 22.49% of total energy intake, and the mean GAD-7 score was 9.21. Higher GAD-7 scores were associated with greater UPF consumption (β = 0.44%; 95% CI 0.06%, 0.82%; p = 0.023). There was no significant association between GAD and the intake of sodium (β =  − 21.09 mg; 95% CI − 58.30, 16.11 mg; p = 0.264), sugar (β =  − 0.11%; 95% CI − 0.33, 0.09%; p = 0.268), or saturated fat (β = 0.29%; 95% CI − 0.01, 0.61%; p = 0.065).

Conclusion

Obese adults seeking weight loss who had higher anxiety symptoms consumed more UPF, suggesting a relationship between anxiety and dietary patterns. Longitudinal studies are needed to explore causality and underlying mechanisms.