Optimization of protein extraction from sesame seeds by using response surface methodology RSM

This study aimed to optimize the extraction condition for protein from sesame seed by-product and its characterization.

Using response surface methodology and central composite rotatable design, the protein was extracted from sesame seed. Physicochemical properties of sesame seed protein extract were investigated. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and TAC assays. HPLC was performed to characterize the protein profile.

The optimized conditions obtained with 40/1 (v/w) solvent/solid ratio, 21 h extraction time, and 50 °C extraction temperature lead to the maximum protein yield of 80.57% and an IC₅₀ value of about 0.002 mg/mL with DPPH, which is well in close agreement with the value predicted by the model (83.06% and 0.015 mg/mL). The proximate analyses of the extract indicated that it contained 80.57% protein, 1.47% fat, 78.03 µg GAE/10 µL of total phenolic content, and 52.97 µg QE/10 µL flavonoids. Antioxidant activity of defatted sesame seed protein extract showed high activity (DPPH IC₅₀ = 0.012 mg/mL, ABTS IC₅₀ = 0.011 mg/mL, FRAP = 0.457, and TAC = 72.4%). The extract had also a crucial amino acid profile that could be considered bioactive peptides.

The findings suggest that sesame seeds are rich in protein, phenolics, flavonoids, and nutrients, and display notable antioxidant capabilities. This indicates that including sesame seeds in one’s diet might offer protective benefits against various diseases.