Background <p>The present study explored the relationship between hearing ability, self-rated health, life satisfaction, and depression among retired middle-aged and older adults in China.</p> Methods <p>The research was based on data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). By applying linear regression models, we delved into the key factors influencing depression in middle-aged and elderly individuals. We utilized Spearman’s rank correlation analysis techniques to reveal the interconnections among hearing ability, depression, self-rated health status, and life satisfaction. Additionally, we employed SPSS software tools to examine the potential mediating effects of self-rated health status and life satisfaction between hearing ability and depression.</p> Result <p>There was a significant positive correlation between hearing ability and self-rated health status as well as life satisfaction ( <i>r</i> &gt; 0, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01), while a significant negative correlation with depression was observed ( <i>r</i> &lt; 0, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). Self-rated health status also showed a positive correlation with life satisfaction ( <i>r</i> &gt; 0, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01) and a negative correlation with depression ( <i>r</i> &lt; 0, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, life satisfaction exhibited a negative correlation with depression ( <i>r</i> &lt; 0, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). Further analysis revealed that self-rated health status and life satisfaction play a significant chain mediating role between hearing ability and depression.</p> Conclusion <p>In summary, our investigation underscores the pivotal mediating influence of self-rated health and life satisfaction in the nexus between hearing ability and depressive symptoms in retired middle-aged and older adults. The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the relationship between hearing and depression, providing valuable insights for alleviating depression in middle-aged and older adults.</p>