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Background <p>While current evidence on injury risk factors remains limited, this study aims to provide insights into how fatigue-induced changes in biomechanical risk factors (BRF) differ between runners, potentially offering a new approach to understanding the development of running-related injuries. Thirty-nine (<i>N</i> = 39) male recreational runners underwent analysis of lower leg angular kinematics, heart rate, blood lactate levels, and perceived effort before and after a 30-minute exhaustive continuous treadmill running test.</p> Results <p>Three functional groups (FG) were identified using the K-means algorithm, which grouped participants based on changes in lower limb angular kinematics between pre- and post-fatigue. While FG1 and FG2 exhibited similar behaviours to maintain their usual running dynamics (e.g. no significant changes in hip flexion at touchdown and toe-off, and similar reductions in leg stiffness after fatigue), FG3 showed more pronounced changes, including increased hip flexion (7.4%) and knee flexion (21%) at touch-down, as well as increased knee flexion at maximal knee flexion (6%) and at the toe-off instant (9%) during the running cycle.</p> Conclusions <p>Fatigue-induced alterations in the considered biomechanical risk factors allow for the functional grouping of recreational athletes. Changes in FG3 impact running patterns and alter running economy-related variables, which may be associated with an increased injury risk and could guide future research into tailored training and preventive strategies.</p>

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Fatigue effects on angular kinematics in male recreational runners grouped by functional response

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月1日

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  • Alberto Encarnación-Martínez,
  • Esther Sánchez-Ribes,
  • Rubén Bruna-Lázaro,
  • Roberto Sanchis-Sanchis,
  • Jack Ashby,
  • Pedro Pérez-Soriano

摘要

Background

While current evidence on injury risk factors remains limited, this study aims to provide insights into how fatigue-induced changes in biomechanical risk factors (BRF) differ between runners, potentially offering a new approach to understanding the development of running-related injuries. Thirty-nine (N = 39) male recreational runners underwent analysis of lower leg angular kinematics, heart rate, blood lactate levels, and perceived effort before and after a 30-minute exhaustive continuous treadmill running test.

Results

Three functional groups (FG) were identified using the K-means algorithm, which grouped participants based on changes in lower limb angular kinematics between pre- and post-fatigue. While FG1 and FG2 exhibited similar behaviours to maintain their usual running dynamics (e.g. no significant changes in hip flexion at touchdown and toe-off, and similar reductions in leg stiffness after fatigue), FG3 showed more pronounced changes, including increased hip flexion (7.4%) and knee flexion (21%) at touch-down, as well as increased knee flexion at maximal knee flexion (6%) and at the toe-off instant (9%) during the running cycle.

Conclusions

Fatigue-induced alterations in the considered biomechanical risk factors allow for the functional grouping of recreational athletes. Changes in FG3 impact running patterns and alter running economy-related variables, which may be associated with an increased injury risk and could guide future research into tailored training and preventive strategies.