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Background <p>Consuming a healthy diet is among the essential ways to control hypertension. However, dietary adherence among patients with hypertension is low in Ethiopia, particularly in the current study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess determinants of dietary adherence among patients with hypertension receiving outpatient treatment at public hospitals in the Gedeo Zone, southern Ethiopia, 2025.</p> Methods <p>An institution-based unmatched case‒control study supported by a phenomenological study design (convergent parallel study) was conducted among 369 (123 cases and 246 controls) patients with hypertension. A seven-item questionnaire with seven dietary components was used to assess dietary adherence among patients with hypertension. For the quantitative study, a stratified random sampling technique was used to allocate the study area, and then a simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Statistical package for Social Science version 29 software was used to perform bivariable and multivariable logistic regression to test the associations between the dependent and independent variables. For the qualitative study, purposive selection was performed. After data transcription, ATLAS.ti 25 was used to code and analyse the data.</p> Result <p>A total of 369 (123 cases and 246 controls) study participants were enrolled. The dietary adherence was found to be better in older patients (&gt; 59) (AOR = 3.62; 95% CI (1.14, 11.50), those who had no comorbidities (AOR = 3.28; 95% CI (1.04, 10.36), Patients with more than 2 years duration of hypertension (AOR = 3.29; 95% CI (1.47, 7.36), and those who had good knowledge about hypertension and healthy lifestyle (AOR = 1.214; 95% CI (1.03, 4.75)). However, it was lower in those who had not received nutritional education (AOR = 0.32; 95% CI (0.13, 0.78)).</p> Conclusion <p>Age, not receiving nutritional education, Absence of comorbidity, Duration of hypertension, and Knowledge about hypertension and healthy lifestyles were found to be determinants of dietary adherence; hence, interventions focusing on the above determinants promoting adherence and patients’ health support should be implemented.</p>

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Determinants of dietary adherence among hypertensive patients attending outpatient treatment at public hospitals of Gedeo Zone, South Ethiopia, 2025. Unmatched case‒control mixed study

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月21日

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  • Alemayehu Tadesse Gedo,
  • Mahlet Birhane Estifanos,
  • Adane Tesfaye,
  • Michael Tadesse Gadacho,
  • Kasa Tefera Tulu,
  • Abu Huseen Ahmed,
  • Wagaye Alemu Zenebe

摘要

Background

Consuming a healthy diet is among the essential ways to control hypertension. However, dietary adherence among patients with hypertension is low in Ethiopia, particularly in the current study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess determinants of dietary adherence among patients with hypertension receiving outpatient treatment at public hospitals in the Gedeo Zone, southern Ethiopia, 2025.

Methods

An institution-based unmatched case‒control study supported by a phenomenological study design (convergent parallel study) was conducted among 369 (123 cases and 246 controls) patients with hypertension. A seven-item questionnaire with seven dietary components was used to assess dietary adherence among patients with hypertension. For the quantitative study, a stratified random sampling technique was used to allocate the study area, and then a simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Statistical package for Social Science version 29 software was used to perform bivariable and multivariable logistic regression to test the associations between the dependent and independent variables. For the qualitative study, purposive selection was performed. After data transcription, ATLAS.ti 25 was used to code and analyse the data.

Result

A total of 369 (123 cases and 246 controls) study participants were enrolled. The dietary adherence was found to be better in older patients (> 59) (AOR = 3.62; 95% CI (1.14, 11.50), those who had no comorbidities (AOR = 3.28; 95% CI (1.04, 10.36), Patients with more than 2 years duration of hypertension (AOR = 3.29; 95% CI (1.47, 7.36), and those who had good knowledge about hypertension and healthy lifestyle (AOR = 1.214; 95% CI (1.03, 4.75)). However, it was lower in those who had not received nutritional education (AOR = 0.32; 95% CI (0.13, 0.78)).

Conclusion

Age, not receiving nutritional education, Absence of comorbidity, Duration of hypertension, and Knowledge about hypertension and healthy lifestyles were found to be determinants of dietary adherence; hence, interventions focusing on the above determinants promoting adherence and patients’ health support should be implemented.