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Background <p>Vitamin D and the gut microbiota are known to influence immune function, inflammation, and long-term health outcomes, including mortality. However, the interplay among vitamin D metabolites, microbiota-related dietary patterns, and mortality risk remains unclear.</p> Methods <p>This prospective cohort study was conducted with data from 19,278 subjects enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2005–2018. DI-GM, a surrogate measure derived from 24-h dietary recall data rather than direct microbiome sequencing, was used to evaluate the impacts of diet on the gut microbiota. The relationships and potential mediating effects were determined through Cox proportional hazards regression, restricted cubic splines, and mediation analysis. In addition, subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate the effect modifications based on age, diabetes status, and cancer or malignancy history. The study&#xa0;results were analyzed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the relationships under investigation.</p> Results <p>Higher contents of vitamin D and its metabolites were related to a decreased risk of all-cause mortality (HR for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.53–0.68; epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D3: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.54–0.71). DI-GM was inversely related to mortality risk (HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.71–0.91). In the mediation analysis, DI-GM accounted for less than 10% of the total effect. </p> Conclusions <p>The present study revealed the inverse relationships of vitamin D and DI-GM with mortality and that DI-GM partially mediated these relationships. The. results highlighted the potential effects of vitamin D and the gut microbiota in terms of improving survival outcomes, although further longitudinal studies are warranted to validate these relationships.</p>

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Vitamin D metabolites and the gut microbiota dietary index are associated with reduced all-cause mortality in US adults: a prospective cohort study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • Qiang Zou,
  • Bolin Fu,
  • Yongsheng Gou,
  • Gang Zhong,
  • Yalan Liu

摘要

Background

Vitamin D and the gut microbiota are known to influence immune function, inflammation, and long-term health outcomes, including mortality. However, the interplay among vitamin D metabolites, microbiota-related dietary patterns, and mortality risk remains unclear.

Methods

This prospective cohort study was conducted with data from 19,278 subjects enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2005–2018. DI-GM, a surrogate measure derived from 24-h dietary recall data rather than direct microbiome sequencing, was used to evaluate the impacts of diet on the gut microbiota. The relationships and potential mediating effects were determined through Cox proportional hazards regression, restricted cubic splines, and mediation analysis. In addition, subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate the effect modifications based on age, diabetes status, and cancer or malignancy history. The study results were analyzed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the relationships under investigation.

Results

Higher contents of vitamin D and its metabolites were related to a decreased risk of all-cause mortality (HR for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.53–0.68; epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D3: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.54–0.71). DI-GM was inversely related to mortality risk (HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.71–0.91). In the mediation analysis, DI-GM accounted for less than 10% of the total effect.

Conclusions

The present study revealed the inverse relationships of vitamin D and DI-GM with mortality and that DI-GM partially mediated these relationships. The. results highlighted the potential effects of vitamin D and the gut microbiota in terms of improving survival outcomes, although further longitudinal studies are warranted to validate these relationships.