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Background <p>Soil antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are associated with agricultural land-use differences. However, assessing the soil antibiotic resistome differences between farmland and pastureland is often limited due to geographically unbalanced sample collection. Leveraging a typical agro-pastoral ecotone in northern China as the study model, we compared the soil microbiome and resistome between 15 adjacent farmland and pastureland pairs using metagenomic sequencing.</p> Results <p>Results showed that farmland soils harbored higher soil ARG diversity (+ 2.75%), MGE diversity (+ 1.62%) and multidrug resistance-related gene abundance (+ 19.5%) than pastureland. Among them, genes conferring multidrug resistances were dominant in farmland, mainly carried by Pseudomonadota. While, vancomycin-resistant ARGs were dominant in pastureland, mainly carried by Actinomycetota. Metagenome-assembled genomes revealed that <i>sul2</i> conferring sulfonamide resistance was shared by both Pseudomonadota and Acidobacteriota in farmland together with insertion sequence <i>ISVsa3</i>. Structural equation model analysis integrating with soil geography, pedology and microbiome data showed microbial community and soil properties were identified as major driving factors shaping soil antibiotic resistome diversity in both land-use contexts. MGE diversity showed a clear positive effect on ARG diversity in farmland soils but a minor effect in pastureland.</p> Conclusions <p>Together, this study elucidates the shared and distinguished soil antibiotic resistome pattern between farmland and pastureland, extending our understanding of driving factors in agricultural soil ARG contamination.</p>

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Soil antibiotic resistome in farmland exhibits higher diversity and horizontal transfer potential than adjacent pastureland in agro-pastoral ecotone

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月23日

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  • Keming Yang,
  • Jingxuan Li,
  • Le Li,
  • Lukuan Fu,
  • Weijie Liu,
  • Zhenyu Jia,
  • Zhaoming Wang,
  • Zhong Wei,
  • Fengge Zhang

摘要

Background

Soil antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are associated with agricultural land-use differences. However, assessing the soil antibiotic resistome differences between farmland and pastureland is often limited due to geographically unbalanced sample collection. Leveraging a typical agro-pastoral ecotone in northern China as the study model, we compared the soil microbiome and resistome between 15 adjacent farmland and pastureland pairs using metagenomic sequencing.

Results

Results showed that farmland soils harbored higher soil ARG diversity (+ 2.75%), MGE diversity (+ 1.62%) and multidrug resistance-related gene abundance (+ 19.5%) than pastureland. Among them, genes conferring multidrug resistances were dominant in farmland, mainly carried by Pseudomonadota. While, vancomycin-resistant ARGs were dominant in pastureland, mainly carried by Actinomycetota. Metagenome-assembled genomes revealed that sul2 conferring sulfonamide resistance was shared by both Pseudomonadota and Acidobacteriota in farmland together with insertion sequence ISVsa3. Structural equation model analysis integrating with soil geography, pedology and microbiome data showed microbial community and soil properties were identified as major driving factors shaping soil antibiotic resistome diversity in both land-use contexts. MGE diversity showed a clear positive effect on ARG diversity in farmland soils but a minor effect in pastureland.

Conclusions

Together, this study elucidates the shared and distinguished soil antibiotic resistome pattern between farmland and pastureland, extending our understanding of driving factors in agricultural soil ARG contamination.