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Background <p>Nitrogen-induced susceptibility (NIS) in rice, where excess nitrogen (N) enhances vulnerability to <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i>, has been observed but remains mechanistically unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the rhizosphere microbiome plays a central role in mediating NIS.</p> Results <p>Using an experimental system that separates nitrogen effects from plant growth changes, we found that high N levels significantly reshape bacterial and fungal community composition, and suppressed defense-associated genes, including <i>OsPAL06</i> and <i>OsPR10b</i>. Predicted functional profiling indicated enrichment of salicylate-degradation and secretion-related signatures under highN. Our findings revealed that both nitrogen treatment and pathogen infection significantly influence rhizosphere community composition, with a strong interaction between the two factors. Network analysis further revealed reduced microbial connectivity and loss of keystone taxa under high-N and infection conditions. Rhizosphere microbiome transplantation from high-N, infected donors to standard-N recipients reproduced the NIS phenotype and suppressed defense gene expression, supporting a microbiome legacy effect.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings suggest that excess N promotes rhizosphere microbiome configurations with immune-modulatory potential that can persist beyond the immediate nutrient regime. Our results position the rhizosphere microbiome as a determinant of NIS and support microbiome-informed, nutrient-aware disease management strategies.</p>

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High nitrogen-induced changes in rhizosphere microbial community structure can modulate disease susceptibility to the rice blast

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月14日

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  • Mehwish Roy,
  • Gnanendra Shanmugam,
  • Suvin Park,
  • Hanhong Bae,
  • Kihyuck Choi,
  • Junhyun Jeon

摘要

Background

Nitrogen-induced susceptibility (NIS) in rice, where excess nitrogen (N) enhances vulnerability to Magnaporthe oryzae, has been observed but remains mechanistically unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the rhizosphere microbiome plays a central role in mediating NIS.

Results

Using an experimental system that separates nitrogen effects from plant growth changes, we found that high N levels significantly reshape bacterial and fungal community composition, and suppressed defense-associated genes, including OsPAL06 and OsPR10b. Predicted functional profiling indicated enrichment of salicylate-degradation and secretion-related signatures under highN. Our findings revealed that both nitrogen treatment and pathogen infection significantly influence rhizosphere community composition, with a strong interaction between the two factors. Network analysis further revealed reduced microbial connectivity and loss of keystone taxa under high-N and infection conditions. Rhizosphere microbiome transplantation from high-N, infected donors to standard-N recipients reproduced the NIS phenotype and suppressed defense gene expression, supporting a microbiome legacy effect.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that excess N promotes rhizosphere microbiome configurations with immune-modulatory potential that can persist beyond the immediate nutrient regime. Our results position the rhizosphere microbiome as a determinant of NIS and support microbiome-informed, nutrient-aware disease management strategies.