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Background <p>The brown alga <i>Ascophyllum nodosum</i> and its microbiota form a dynamic functional entity named holobiont. Some microbial partners may play a role in seaweed health through bioactive compounds crucial for normal morphology, development, and physiological acclimation. However, the full spectrum of the microbial diversity and its variations according to algal life stage, season, and location have not been comprehensively studied. This study uses 208 short-read metabarcoding samples to characterize the bacterial, archaeal, and microeukaryotic communities of <i>A. nodosum</i> across three nearby sites, four thallus parts, and a monthly survey, aiming to explore the dynamics of ecological interactions within the holobiont.</p> Results <p>Our results revealed that <i>A. nodosum</i> harbors a predominantly bacterial microbiota, varying significantly across all covariables, while archaea were virtually absent. An innovative normalization using the co-amplified host reads provided an estimation of bacterial abundance, revealing a drastic decline in May, potentially linked to epidermal shedding. In contrast, fungal communities were stable, dominated by <i>Mycophycias ascophylli</i> and <i>Moheitospora</i> sp<i>.</i>, which remained closely associated with the host year-round. We identified a core microbiome of 22 ASVs, consistently found in all samples, including <i>Granulosicoccus,</i> a genus consistently abundant in other brown algal microbiota. Sequence clustering revealed multiple species which vary according seasons, even in the overall stable <i>Granulosicoccus</i> genus. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed putative interactions between microbial groups in response to ecological niches.</p> Conclusions <p>Overall, these findings highlight the dynamic of bacterial interactions and stable fungal associations within the <i>A. nodosum</i> holobiont, providing new insights into the ecology of its microbiota.</p>

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A duo of fungi and complex and dynamic bacterial community networks contribute to shape the Ascophyllum nodosum holobiont

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月11日

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  • Coralie Rousseau,
  • Gwenn Tanguy,
  • Erwan Legeay,
  • Samuel Blanquart,
  • Arnaud Belcour,
  • Sylvie Rousvoal,
  • Philippe Potin,
  • Catherine Leblanc,
  • Simon M. Dittami

摘要

Background

The brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum and its microbiota form a dynamic functional entity named holobiont. Some microbial partners may play a role in seaweed health through bioactive compounds crucial for normal morphology, development, and physiological acclimation. However, the full spectrum of the microbial diversity and its variations according to algal life stage, season, and location have not been comprehensively studied. This study uses 208 short-read metabarcoding samples to characterize the bacterial, archaeal, and microeukaryotic communities of A. nodosum across three nearby sites, four thallus parts, and a monthly survey, aiming to explore the dynamics of ecological interactions within the holobiont.

Results

Our results revealed that A. nodosum harbors a predominantly bacterial microbiota, varying significantly across all covariables, while archaea were virtually absent. An innovative normalization using the co-amplified host reads provided an estimation of bacterial abundance, revealing a drastic decline in May, potentially linked to epidermal shedding. In contrast, fungal communities were stable, dominated by Mycophycias ascophylli and Moheitospora sp., which remained closely associated with the host year-round. We identified a core microbiome of 22 ASVs, consistently found in all samples, including Granulosicoccus, a genus consistently abundant in other brown algal microbiota. Sequence clustering revealed multiple species which vary according seasons, even in the overall stable Granulosicoccus genus. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed putative interactions between microbial groups in response to ecological niches.

Conclusions

Overall, these findings highlight the dynamic of bacterial interactions and stable fungal associations within the A. nodosum holobiont, providing new insights into the ecology of its microbiota.