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Background <p>Smoking cessation during pregnancy is very important but few women succeed. Supporting change in identity (i.e. perceptions of “who I am”) towards nonsmoking seems a promising route to smoking cessation. This study aimed to assess identity of participants of the Smoke and Alcohol Free with EHealth and Rewards (SAFER) pregnancy study and evaluate the group session on identity.</p> Methods <p>This prospective, uncontrolled, before-after study was conducted in The Netherlands in 2019–2021. In the SAFER pregnancy study, prepregnant and pregnant women participated in a maximum of six group sessions, one of them focused on identity, and received access to an online platform to support smoking cessation. Biochemically validated smoking cessation was rewarded with incentives with a total value up to 185 euros.</p> Results <p>Thirty-nine women participated in the intervention of whom twenty-one women in the identity session. Women who identified more strongly with other mothers (‘mother group-identity’) also identified more strongly with the group of non-smokers (‘non-smoker group-identity’; <i>r</i> = 0.52, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), and those who perceived themselves more strongly as smokers (‘smoker self-identity’) also identified more strongly with the group of smokers (<i>r</i> = 0.51, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Non-significant changes in identity were observed. Images about the ideal, non-smoking, future self were often related to ‘relaxation and freedom’, ‘strength and pride’ and ‘motherhood’. The identity session was appreciated by participants and was felt to provide grounds for open and honest discussions about smoking in the context of being a mother.</p> Conclusions <p>Addressing non-smoker, smoker and mother identity may be a promising new route to improving interventions for smoking cessation around pregnancy. Effective interventions are needed to support identity in smoking cessation interventions, in order to help women quit smoking before and during pregnancy and to prevent postpartum relapse.</p> Trial registration <p>Netherlands Trial Register: NL7493. Date registered: 4 February 2019.</p>

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Non-smoker and smoker identity related to mother-identity among (pre)pregnant women before and after participating in a smoking cessation intervention

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月11日

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  • Leonieke J. Breunis,
  • Eline Meijer,
  • Lieke C. de Jong-Potjer,
  • Jasper V. Been,
  • Eric A.P. Steegers,
  • Winifred A. Gebhardt,
  • Marlou L.A. de Kroon

摘要

Background

Smoking cessation during pregnancy is very important but few women succeed. Supporting change in identity (i.e. perceptions of “who I am”) towards nonsmoking seems a promising route to smoking cessation. This study aimed to assess identity of participants of the Smoke and Alcohol Free with EHealth and Rewards (SAFER) pregnancy study and evaluate the group session on identity.

Methods

This prospective, uncontrolled, before-after study was conducted in The Netherlands in 2019–2021. In the SAFER pregnancy study, prepregnant and pregnant women participated in a maximum of six group sessions, one of them focused on identity, and received access to an online platform to support smoking cessation. Biochemically validated smoking cessation was rewarded with incentives with a total value up to 185 euros.

Results

Thirty-nine women participated in the intervention of whom twenty-one women in the identity session. Women who identified more strongly with other mothers (‘mother group-identity’) also identified more strongly with the group of non-smokers (‘non-smoker group-identity’; r = 0.52, P < 0.001), and those who perceived themselves more strongly as smokers (‘smoker self-identity’) also identified more strongly with the group of smokers (r = 0.51, P < 0.001). Non-significant changes in identity were observed. Images about the ideal, non-smoking, future self were often related to ‘relaxation and freedom’, ‘strength and pride’ and ‘motherhood’. The identity session was appreciated by participants and was felt to provide grounds for open and honest discussions about smoking in the context of being a mother.

Conclusions

Addressing non-smoker, smoker and mother identity may be a promising new route to improving interventions for smoking cessation around pregnancy. Effective interventions are needed to support identity in smoking cessation interventions, in order to help women quit smoking before and during pregnancy and to prevent postpartum relapse.

Trial registration

Netherlands Trial Register: NL7493. Date registered: 4 February 2019.