<p>The building sector is a major contributor to global energy consumption, driving urgent needs for energy storage materials that can regulate indoor temperature and reduce reliance on conventional sources. Phase change materials (PCMs) have great potential for thermal energy storage (TES), yet their integration into construction materials remains challenging. Gypsum, a common building material, can host PCM or PCM composite giving rise to PCM gypsum composites with potential for large-scale implementation in wall structures. This review systematically assesses the current state of knowledge on PCM gypsum composites through a dual approach: a bibliometric analysis that maps research evolution from 2000 to 2024, and a systematic evaluation of experimental and modeling studies. It examines trends in publication volume, journal evolution, geographical contributions, authorship, citation metrics, keyword analysis and thematic mapping. Key aspects explored encompass innovative incorporation methods, thermal and mechanical performance, energy saving in practical applications. The analysis reveals a rapidly expanding research landscape, yet significant gaps persist in long-term durability, standardization, and feasibility of large-scale production. By bridging bibliometric insights with critical material analysis, this review outlines both the progress achieved and the future research trajectories required to unlock the full potential of PCM gypsum composites for sustainable and resilient building.</p>