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<p>A novel cost-effective facile green method is reported for the direct low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis of flake-like BiOCl nanocrystals with highly exposed {001} facets using seawater as a natural, sustainable and green precursor/precipitant and solvent for the first time. No additional structure-directing agents and special synthetic conditions were used in the aforementioned synthesis. The structural, textural and optical properties of the material was analyzed by various characterization methods. The in-situ prepared material exhibited high phase purity and crystallinity. The scanning and transmission electron microscopic analysis confirmed the nanoflake-like morphology with lamellar structure. The optical analysis revealed its light absorption in the UV region with a band gap energy of 3.25&#xa0;eV whereas the existence of surface defects and oxygen vacancies was confirmed by photoluminescent study. The BiOCl was effectively applied for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye pollutant, followed by its mineralization. The BiOCl nanoflakes exhibited 99.3% degradation and 33% mineralization efficiency under UV light irradiation within 110&#xa0;min. The enhanced photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the presence of nanocrystallite size, specific surface-area, mesoporosity, oxygen vacancies and flake-like morphology with highly exposed {001} facets that will enhance the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers. The oxygen vacancies act like electron-trappers and it further reduces the dissolved oxygen to superoxide anion radicals. The sample was effectively recycled for four consecutive degradation runs indicating its high photostability. This work offers valuable insights into the utilization of seawater as a precipitant or no-cost chloride precursor and solvent for material synthesis for effective wastewater purification.</p>

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A novel seawater-mediated low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis of {001} faceted BiOCl nanoflakes with high photocatalytic activity under UV-light irradiation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Manoj Pudukudy,
  • Yi Liu,
  • Zhi Yunfie,
  • Shaoyun Shan,
  • Waseem Tariq,
  • Masita Mohammad

摘要

A novel cost-effective facile green method is reported for the direct low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis of flake-like BiOCl nanocrystals with highly exposed {001} facets using seawater as a natural, sustainable and green precursor/precipitant and solvent for the first time. No additional structure-directing agents and special synthetic conditions were used in the aforementioned synthesis. The structural, textural and optical properties of the material was analyzed by various characterization methods. The in-situ prepared material exhibited high phase purity and crystallinity. The scanning and transmission electron microscopic analysis confirmed the nanoflake-like morphology with lamellar structure. The optical analysis revealed its light absorption in the UV region with a band gap energy of 3.25 eV whereas the existence of surface defects and oxygen vacancies was confirmed by photoluminescent study. The BiOCl was effectively applied for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye pollutant, followed by its mineralization. The BiOCl nanoflakes exhibited 99.3% degradation and 33% mineralization efficiency under UV light irradiation within 110 min. The enhanced photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the presence of nanocrystallite size, specific surface-area, mesoporosity, oxygen vacancies and flake-like morphology with highly exposed {001} facets that will enhance the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers. The oxygen vacancies act like electron-trappers and it further reduces the dissolved oxygen to superoxide anion radicals. The sample was effectively recycled for four consecutive degradation runs indicating its high photostability. This work offers valuable insights into the utilization of seawater as a precipitant or no-cost chloride precursor and solvent for material synthesis for effective wastewater purification.