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<p>Indium selenide (InSe) nanoparticles were synthesized via pulsed laser ablation in liquid (LAL) by ablating a bulk InSe target in distilled water using a Nd:YAG laser (1064&#xa0;nm, ~ 10&#xa0;ns, ~ 135&#xa0;mJ, 10&#xa0;Hz) for ~ 10&#xa0;min, yielding a surfactant-free colloidal dispersion. A key aspect of this study is the systematic evaluation of substrate-dependent morphology and spectroscopic response, which has received limited attention for LAL-synthesized layered chalcogenides. The as-prepared colloid was drop-cast onto three substrates—carbon (C), quartz/glass, and crystalline silicon (Si)—to evaluate substrate-dependent morphology and spectroscopic visibility under identical preparation conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed granular nanoparticle layers with substrate-dependent aggregation and lateral size distributions in the approximately 60–220&#xa0;nm range; the mean particle/aggregate sizes extracted from SEM statistics were ~ 129&#xa0;nm (C), ~ 87&#xa0;nm (quartz/glass), and ~ 107&#xa0;nm (Si). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and elemental mapping confirmed the presence and spatial co-distribution of In and Se on all substrates, while C, Si, and O signals were attributed to substrate/background contributions and partial surface oxidation typical for thin dried nanoparticle films. Raman spectroscopy (633&#xa0;nm excitation, 1800 lines/mm grating) provided phase-sensitive verification of the InSe vibrational fingerprint in the 100–260&#xa0;cm⁻<sup>1</sup> region across the three substrates; a reproducible InSe band near approximately 253–254&#xa0;cm⁻<sup>1</sup> was consistently observed, indicating preservation of InSe vibrational characteristics after LAL synthesis. UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy of the colloidal dispersion further confirmed the optical response of the LAL-synthesized InSe nanoparticles. These findings provide insight into substrate-dependent spectroscopic behavior of LAL-synthesized layered semiconductors and highlight the importance of substrate selection for reliable morphological and spectroscopic characterization.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Substrate-dependent morphology and raman response of InSe nanoparticles synthesized by laser ablation in liquid

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Vagif Salmanov,
  • Rovshan Mamedov,
  • Ali Guseinov,
  • Maarif Cafarov,
  • Lamiya Balayeva,
  • Aydan Khaligzade,
  • Zeynab Addayeva,
  • Aytan Aliyeva,
  • Fidan Ahmadova

摘要

Indium selenide (InSe) nanoparticles were synthesized via pulsed laser ablation in liquid (LAL) by ablating a bulk InSe target in distilled water using a Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, ~ 10 ns, ~ 135 mJ, 10 Hz) for ~ 10 min, yielding a surfactant-free colloidal dispersion. A key aspect of this study is the systematic evaluation of substrate-dependent morphology and spectroscopic response, which has received limited attention for LAL-synthesized layered chalcogenides. The as-prepared colloid was drop-cast onto three substrates—carbon (C), quartz/glass, and crystalline silicon (Si)—to evaluate substrate-dependent morphology and spectroscopic visibility under identical preparation conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed granular nanoparticle layers with substrate-dependent aggregation and lateral size distributions in the approximately 60–220 nm range; the mean particle/aggregate sizes extracted from SEM statistics were ~ 129 nm (C), ~ 87 nm (quartz/glass), and ~ 107 nm (Si). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and elemental mapping confirmed the presence and spatial co-distribution of In and Se on all substrates, while C, Si, and O signals were attributed to substrate/background contributions and partial surface oxidation typical for thin dried nanoparticle films. Raman spectroscopy (633 nm excitation, 1800 lines/mm grating) provided phase-sensitive verification of the InSe vibrational fingerprint in the 100–260 cm⁻1 region across the three substrates; a reproducible InSe band near approximately 253–254 cm⁻1 was consistently observed, indicating preservation of InSe vibrational characteristics after LAL synthesis. UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy of the colloidal dispersion further confirmed the optical response of the LAL-synthesized InSe nanoparticles. These findings provide insight into substrate-dependent spectroscopic behavior of LAL-synthesized layered semiconductors and highlight the importance of substrate selection for reliable morphological and spectroscopic characterization.

Graphical abstract