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<p>This study presents a simple co-precipitation method for a ternary composite integrating zinc oxide (ZnO), sulfanilic acid (SA) and graphene oxide (GO). Sulfanilic acid serves a dual role as a molecular linker and structural spacer, enabling uniform anchoring of ZnO nanoparticles onto GO sheets and preventing agglomeration. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed phase-pure hexagonal ZnO and partial ordering in GO. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of distinct D and G bands, along with strong π–π stacking interactions, suggesting good integration of the carbon framework. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provided evidence of N–Zn coordination and hydrogen bonding between sulfonic (S = O) and hydroxyl (H–O–Zn) groups, indicating successful chemical interactions at the interface. FTIR spectra further supported this by revealing characteristic peaks corresponding to amine and sulfonic acid functionalities. Preliminary electrochemical evaluation via cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy in 1&#xa0;M NaOH revealed capacitive behavior, suggesting potential for further optimization toward energy storage applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Synthesis and characterization of sulfanilic-acid mediated by ZnO/Graphene oxide composite with preliminary electrochemical assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月19日

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  • Hanan. S,
  • Huma. Sadiq,
  • Hadia. Noor,
  • Alejandra Garcia-Garcia,
  • Sidra Dildar,
  • Maha Sharif

摘要

This study presents a simple co-precipitation method for a ternary composite integrating zinc oxide (ZnO), sulfanilic acid (SA) and graphene oxide (GO). Sulfanilic acid serves a dual role as a molecular linker and structural spacer, enabling uniform anchoring of ZnO nanoparticles onto GO sheets and preventing agglomeration. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed phase-pure hexagonal ZnO and partial ordering in GO. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of distinct D and G bands, along with strong π–π stacking interactions, suggesting good integration of the carbon framework. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provided evidence of N–Zn coordination and hydrogen bonding between sulfonic (S = O) and hydroxyl (H–O–Zn) groups, indicating successful chemical interactions at the interface. FTIR spectra further supported this by revealing characteristic peaks corresponding to amine and sulfonic acid functionalities. Preliminary electrochemical evaluation via cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy in 1 M NaOH revealed capacitive behavior, suggesting potential for further optimization toward energy storage applications.

Graphical Abstract