<p>Regarding nitrogen doping of TiO<sub>2</sub>, there is now more information in the literature that points to the development of more photosensitive materials for photocatalytic applications. To develop better photocatalysts, pure and nitrogen-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> (TiO<sub>2</sub>:N) nanoparticles have been synthesized and widely studied. First, the bandgap value of both semiconductors was determined, finding that doping with N atoms decreases the bandgap value relative to the pure material, allowing the doped semiconductor to be excited with visible light below 403&#xa0;nm. An important property of N-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> is that it has on average a smaller crystal size (15.2&#xa0;nm) and a greater BET surface area (79.6 m<sup>2</sup>/g) than the commercial photocatalyst Degussa P-25 (23&#xa0;nm and 48.6 m<sup>2</sup>/g, respectively), a fact that influences having a greater availability of active sites as a photocatalyst. Doping of TiO<sub>2</sub> with N caused the (101) and (200) diffraction peaks to shift towards higher <i>2</i> <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40712_2025_266_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\theta\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>θ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> values, which led to a slight decrease in the interplanar distances <i>d</i><sub><i>101</i></sub> and <i>d</i><sub><i>200</i></sub>. After that, combining the experimental results obtained in this work and others already reported in the literature, it was possible to conclude N doping was achieved through a substitutional incorporation of N into the TiO<sub>2</sub> crystal structure rather than through an interstitial location. As an application of TiO<sub>2</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>:N as photocatalysts, the treatment of the analgesic acetaminophen (ACT) in the aqueous phase was carried out by heterogeneous photocatalysis in a photocatalytic reactor using concentrated solar radiation. In comparison, the same degradation experiments were carried out but using the commercial photocatalyst Degussa P-25. The degradation percentages were as follows: the best were obtained with the TiO<sub>2</sub>:N nanoparticles (90 and 95%), followed by pure TiO<sub>2</sub> (83 and 91%), and finally, those obtained with the Degussa P-25 photocatalyst (80 and 83%), all of them characterized by their COD and TOC, respectively.</p>

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New results on the synthesis of nitrogen-doped TiO2 and their application in heterogeneous photocatalysis under solar irradiation

  • M. Ocampo-Gaspar,
  • C. Rosiles-Pérez,
  • K. V. Torres-Nava,
  • L. J. Aleman-Capistran,
  • A. E. Jiménez-González

摘要

Regarding nitrogen doping of TiO2, there is now more information in the literature that points to the development of more photosensitive materials for photocatalytic applications. To develop better photocatalysts, pure and nitrogen-doped TiO2 (TiO2:N) nanoparticles have been synthesized and widely studied. First, the bandgap value of both semiconductors was determined, finding that doping with N atoms decreases the bandgap value relative to the pure material, allowing the doped semiconductor to be excited with visible light below 403 nm. An important property of N-doped TiO2 is that it has on average a smaller crystal size (15.2 nm) and a greater BET surface area (79.6 m2/g) than the commercial photocatalyst Degussa P-25 (23 nm and 48.6 m2/g, respectively), a fact that influences having a greater availability of active sites as a photocatalyst. Doping of TiO2 with N caused the (101) and (200) diffraction peaks to shift towards higher 2 \(\theta\) θ values, which led to a slight decrease in the interplanar distances d101 and d200. After that, combining the experimental results obtained in this work and others already reported in the literature, it was possible to conclude N doping was achieved through a substitutional incorporation of N into the TiO2 crystal structure rather than through an interstitial location. As an application of TiO2 and TiO2:N as photocatalysts, the treatment of the analgesic acetaminophen (ACT) in the aqueous phase was carried out by heterogeneous photocatalysis in a photocatalytic reactor using concentrated solar radiation. In comparison, the same degradation experiments were carried out but using the commercial photocatalyst Degussa P-25. The degradation percentages were as follows: the best were obtained with the TiO2:N nanoparticles (90 and 95%), followed by pure TiO2 (83 and 91%), and finally, those obtained with the Degussa P-25 photocatalyst (80 and 83%), all of them characterized by their COD and TOC, respectively.