<p>Accurate and efficient neuronal reconstruction is essential for large-scale neuronal projection analysis and neural circuit mapping. However, conventional reconstruction approaches are often constrained by the structural complexity of neurons, the diversity of imaging signals, and variations in annotator expertise, making it difficult to simultaneously achieve high reconstruction quality and efficiency. To address these challenges, this study proposes a quantitative and precision-oriented neuronal reconstruction framework that systematically integrates reconstruction efficiency and accuracy modeling, data–algorithm matching, and refined task allocation strategies. First, mathematical models were established to quantitatively characterize reconstruction efficiency and accuracy, providing a theoretical foundation for precision reconstruction. Based on quantitative indicators of neuronal reconstruction difficulty, a data–algorithm precise matching strategy was developed to adaptively select the most suitable reconstruction method for different types of neuronal data while leveraging the complementary strengths of multiple reconstruction algorithms. Experimental results demonstrated significant improvements in reconstruction accuracy across multiple data categories, with the best-performing image category achieving an accuracy improvement of up to 18.8%. Furthermore, a data–annotator precise allocation strategy was proposed to match data difficulty with annotator capability, enabling efficient human–machine collaborative reconstruction and transforming conventional experience-based reconstruction into a precision-driven quantitative reconstruction paradigm. Compared with traditional reconstruction strategies, the proposed allocation strategy improved reconstruction accuracy by 44.3% and increased overall reconstruction efficiency by 34.6%. In summary, the proposed framework enables quantitative evaluation and controllable assurance of neuronal reconstruction quality. By transforming neuronal reconstruction from a conventional single-method paradigm into a data-driven precision decision-making paradigm, the proposed approach substantially improves reconstruction efficiency while maintaining high reconstruction quality. This work provides reliable methodological support and a solid data foundation for large-scale neuronal morphology analysis and neural circuit research.</p>