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<p>Numerical modelling is extensively employed in underground engineering to evaluate excavation-induced deformations and the interaction between tunnels and support systems. In this study, tunnel stability was analysed using a three-dimensional finite-element approach, integrating geostatic initialization with an implicit–dynamic quasi-static step. This methodology enhances post-yield convergence and effectively captures transient mechanical responses during excavation. The framework was applied to a sandstone tunnel section, and the predicted displacements were validated against in-situ monitoring data, showing agreement within 2–12% relative error at three crown monitoring points. A mesh sensitivity analysis demonstrated that reducing mesh refinement resulted in only a marginal decrease in accuracy, confirming the robustness of the modelling framework, resulting in only a 2.5% difference in key outputs, thereby confirming mesh convergence and stability. An energy-based assessment was also performed using nodal strain-energy outputs at the tunnel crown. Comparison of the released rock mass energy with the work capacity of the support system indicates that the support operates well within its energy absorption limit. Furthermore, the observed progressive reduction of transient energy peaks reflects mechanical stabilization dominated by the yielding behaviour of the support. Overall, the findings demonstrate the effectiveness of a multi-solver quasi-static framework for tunnel stability assessment and provide valuable insights into rock–support interaction mechanisms, which are pertinent for engineering design and future methodological advancements.</p>

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Multi solver FEA 3D modelling approach for tunnel stability assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Abdelaziz N. Allouache,
  • Alaaeddine Lahmer

摘要

Numerical modelling is extensively employed in underground engineering to evaluate excavation-induced deformations and the interaction between tunnels and support systems. In this study, tunnel stability was analysed using a three-dimensional finite-element approach, integrating geostatic initialization with an implicit–dynamic quasi-static step. This methodology enhances post-yield convergence and effectively captures transient mechanical responses during excavation. The framework was applied to a sandstone tunnel section, and the predicted displacements were validated against in-situ monitoring data, showing agreement within 2–12% relative error at three crown monitoring points. A mesh sensitivity analysis demonstrated that reducing mesh refinement resulted in only a marginal decrease in accuracy, confirming the robustness of the modelling framework, resulting in only a 2.5% difference in key outputs, thereby confirming mesh convergence and stability. An energy-based assessment was also performed using nodal strain-energy outputs at the tunnel crown. Comparison of the released rock mass energy with the work capacity of the support system indicates that the support operates well within its energy absorption limit. Furthermore, the observed progressive reduction of transient energy peaks reflects mechanical stabilization dominated by the yielding behaviour of the support. Overall, the findings demonstrate the effectiveness of a multi-solver quasi-static framework for tunnel stability assessment and provide valuable insights into rock–support interaction mechanisms, which are pertinent for engineering design and future methodological advancements.