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<p>Toppling failure is categorized into two primary forms: main and secondary. A notable instability mechanism within the secondary category, identified as slide-head-toppling failure, happens when a weak layer underlies rock blocks. This failure mechanism is characterized by toppling instability in the uppermost rock layer, combined with sliding along the underlying weak zone. The consequential failure represents a hybrid mechanism, integrating both sliding and toppling, which has critical consequences for the stability of geotechnical structures. Bowa and Gong (Bowa and Gong in Int J Geo-Engineering 12:1–25, 2021) proposed a theoretical approach for evaluating the stability of rock slopes experiencing slide-head toppling failure, incorporating the effects of groundwater and stabilization measures. The limitations of this study are thoroughly discussed.</p>

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Discussion on “Analytical technique for stability analyses of the rock slope subjected to slide head toppling failure mechanisms considering groundwater and stabilization effects” by Bowa and Gong (2021)

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月12日

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  • Hassan Sarfaraz

摘要

Toppling failure is categorized into two primary forms: main and secondary. A notable instability mechanism within the secondary category, identified as slide-head-toppling failure, happens when a weak layer underlies rock blocks. This failure mechanism is characterized by toppling instability in the uppermost rock layer, combined with sliding along the underlying weak zone. The consequential failure represents a hybrid mechanism, integrating both sliding and toppling, which has critical consequences for the stability of geotechnical structures. Bowa and Gong (Bowa and Gong in Int J Geo-Engineering 12:1–25, 2021) proposed a theoretical approach for evaluating the stability of rock slopes experiencing slide-head toppling failure, incorporating the effects of groundwater and stabilization measures. The limitations of this study are thoroughly discussed.