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<p>Ground surface settlement is one of the inevitable components of shallow excavations in soil environments. It is crucial to predict the amount of ground surface settlement in mechanized tunneling for urban subway construction. Some of the factors affecting ground surface settlement are geotechnical properties of the environment, the face pressure, overburden pressure, and proper injection pressure. In this study, the influence of grout injection on surface settlement in mechanized tunneling was investigated using both physical modeling and numerical simulations. Key parameters examined include grout injection pressure (0.5 to 4&#xa0;bar), dry soil density (1,600 and 1,700&#xa0;kg/m³), and the geometry of the gap behind the tunnel segment (symmetric and asymmetric). A custom experimental setup was developed to simulate tunnel conditions and measure resulting settlements under controlled conditions. The results indicated that with an increase in injection pressure and soil density, the amount of settlement decreased. For instance, in soil compaction with 2 blows and an equivalent pressure of 1.5&#xa0;bar, the settlement decreased by 33% compared to an equivalent pressure of 0.5 bars. Moreover, in soil compaction with 5 blows and an equivalent pressure of 1.5&#xa0;bar, the ground settlement decreased by approximately 50% compared to soil compaction with 2 blows. Additionally, the investigation of the effect of the void space behind the segment (gap) showed that asymmetric voids lead to increased settlement compared to symmetric voids.</p>

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Investigation into the effect of the grout properties injected behind the segment on surface settlement in mechanized tunneling

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月11日

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  • Haniyeh Kouhi,
  • Hamid Chakeri,
  • Mohammad Darbor,
  • Hamed Baghali,
  • Hamid Mousapour

摘要

Ground surface settlement is one of the inevitable components of shallow excavations in soil environments. It is crucial to predict the amount of ground surface settlement in mechanized tunneling for urban subway construction. Some of the factors affecting ground surface settlement are geotechnical properties of the environment, the face pressure, overburden pressure, and proper injection pressure. In this study, the influence of grout injection on surface settlement in mechanized tunneling was investigated using both physical modeling and numerical simulations. Key parameters examined include grout injection pressure (0.5 to 4 bar), dry soil density (1,600 and 1,700 kg/m³), and the geometry of the gap behind the tunnel segment (symmetric and asymmetric). A custom experimental setup was developed to simulate tunnel conditions and measure resulting settlements under controlled conditions. The results indicated that with an increase in injection pressure and soil density, the amount of settlement decreased. For instance, in soil compaction with 2 blows and an equivalent pressure of 1.5 bar, the settlement decreased by 33% compared to an equivalent pressure of 0.5 bars. Moreover, in soil compaction with 5 blows and an equivalent pressure of 1.5 bar, the ground settlement decreased by approximately 50% compared to soil compaction with 2 blows. Additionally, the investigation of the effect of the void space behind the segment (gap) showed that asymmetric voids lead to increased settlement compared to symmetric voids.