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Background <p>Carbapenemase-mediated resistance to carbapenems is a significant public health concern due to its potential for widespread dissemination. The KPC family of carbapenemases, encoded by the <i>bla</i><sub>KPC</sub> gene and often associated with Tn<i>4401</i>-like transposons, is particularly important for its ability to be transferred through diverse plasmid types. In Chile, KPC-producing Gram-negative bacteria have been detected in clinical settings; however, their occurrence in wastewater (WW) remains unknown. This study addresses this gap by characterizing carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacterales</i> isolates from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the Gran Concepción Metropolitan Area, Chile.</p> Results <p>This study identifies three carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacterales</i> isolates, namely <i>Klebsiella pasteurii</i> M2/A/C/34, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> subsp. <i>pneumoniae</i> M3/A/M/3, and <i>Citrobacter freundii</i> sensu stricto. M4/A/C/32, all exhibiting multidrug-resistant profiles and carrying the <i>bla</i><sub>KPC-2</sub> gene encoding KPC-like carbapenemases. These isolates also possessed genes for extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs). Sequence typing revealed that M2/A/C/34, M3/A/M/3, and M4/A/C/32 belonged to novel sequence types, specifically ST470, ST273, and ST214, respectively. All isolates carried plasmids belonging to groups commonly associated with ARGs, including IncF, IncP, and IncA. Both <i>Klebsiella</i> isolates (M2/A/C/34 and M3/A/M/3) carried the class 1 integron (<i>intl1</i>) gene. Phylogenomic analysis reveals that M2/A/C/34 is related to strains from China and Pakistan, while M3/A/M/3 shares similarities with a strain from Germany, indicating their potential dissemination.</p> Conclusions <p>This study represents the first detection of carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacterales</i> carrying <i>bla</i><sub>KPC-2</sub> in Chilean WW, including the novel identification of <i>K. pasteurii</i>. These findings emphasize the critical role of genomic surveillance in WW under the One Health framework, enabling the monitoring of carbapenemase-producing bacteria and associated ARGs. Sustained surveillance efforts are essential to comprehend the dynamics of antibiotic resistance in environmental reservoirs and to develop strategies for its containment and mitigation.</p>

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Detection of KPC-producing Enterobacterales species in wastewater samples from the Gran Concepción Metropolitan area, Chile

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月7日

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  • Franco Ilabaca-Carrasco,
  • Carlos Peña-Raddatz,
  • Claudia Torres-Bustos,
  • Mauricio Hernández-Cea,
  • Guillermo Nourdin-Galindo,
  • Pablo Saldivia-Flandez,
  • Cristian Vargas,
  • Elard Koch,
  • Helia Bello-Toledo,
  • Gerardo González-Rocha,
  • Andrés Opazo-Capurro

摘要

Background

Carbapenemase-mediated resistance to carbapenems is a significant public health concern due to its potential for widespread dissemination. The KPC family of carbapenemases, encoded by the blaKPC gene and often associated with Tn4401-like transposons, is particularly important for its ability to be transferred through diverse plasmid types. In Chile, KPC-producing Gram-negative bacteria have been detected in clinical settings; however, their occurrence in wastewater (WW) remains unknown. This study addresses this gap by characterizing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales isolates from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the Gran Concepción Metropolitan Area, Chile.

Results

This study identifies three carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales isolates, namely Klebsiella pasteurii M2/A/C/34, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae M3/A/M/3, and Citrobacter freundii sensu stricto. M4/A/C/32, all exhibiting multidrug-resistant profiles and carrying the blaKPC-2 gene encoding KPC-like carbapenemases. These isolates also possessed genes for extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs). Sequence typing revealed that M2/A/C/34, M3/A/M/3, and M4/A/C/32 belonged to novel sequence types, specifically ST470, ST273, and ST214, respectively. All isolates carried plasmids belonging to groups commonly associated with ARGs, including IncF, IncP, and IncA. Both Klebsiella isolates (M2/A/C/34 and M3/A/M/3) carried the class 1 integron (intl1) gene. Phylogenomic analysis reveals that M2/A/C/34 is related to strains from China and Pakistan, while M3/A/M/3 shares similarities with a strain from Germany, indicating their potential dissemination.

Conclusions

This study represents the first detection of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales carrying blaKPC-2 in Chilean WW, including the novel identification of K. pasteurii. These findings emphasize the critical role of genomic surveillance in WW under the One Health framework, enabling the monitoring of carbapenemase-producing bacteria and associated ARGs. Sustained surveillance efforts are essential to comprehend the dynamics of antibiotic resistance in environmental reservoirs and to develop strategies for its containment and mitigation.