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Purpose <p>The achievement of excellent coincidence time resolution has become an essential objective in time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the quality of the reconstructed image. Moreover, to achieve a high level of spatial resolution while maintaining good sensitivity with the use of long scintillators, the impact of the gamma-ray depth of interaction (DOI) must be mitigated.</p> Methods <p>To address these challenges, a matrix of sixteen 20&#xa0;mm-long LYSO:Ce scintillators with depolished lateral surfaces is used, coupled to a light guide that enables light sharing within the matrix. This configuration allows for the determination of the gamma-ray DOI and the correction of its timing bias. For this light-sharing method to work, readout integration in a multi-channel scheme is required. This is achieved using a sixteen-channel low-noise, low-power, high-frequency development circuit board. This high-frequency circuit also provides a solution to enhance the time resolution by enabling a lower leading-edge threshold for the detection of the earliest photons produced with high precision.</p> Results <p>The DOI-capable module achieves a DOI resolution of 2.2&#xa0;±&#xa0;0.2&#xa0;mm full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) and a CTR of 133&#xa0;±&#xa0;2&#xa0;ps FWHM after DOI correction on the central crystals. For comparison, a standard module consisting of sixteen polished crystals and no back light guide achieves a CTR of 130&#xa0;±&#xa0;2&#xa0;ps FWHM.</p> Conclusions <p>Using 20&#xa0;mm-long LYSO:Ce crystals and this high-frequency electronics, the DOI-capable module delivers excellent timing and energy resolution. In addition to providing time resolution comparable to that of the standard module, it also allows DOI encoding with a resolution of nearly 2&#xa0;mm FWHM.</p>

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Advancements in DOI-capable TOF-PET modules using a multi-channel high-frequency readout

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • Giulia Terragni,
  • Elena Tribbia,
  • Joshua W. Cates,
  • Marco Pizzichemi,
  • Johann Marton,
  • Etiennette Auffray

摘要

Purpose

The achievement of excellent coincidence time resolution has become an essential objective in time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the quality of the reconstructed image. Moreover, to achieve a high level of spatial resolution while maintaining good sensitivity with the use of long scintillators, the impact of the gamma-ray depth of interaction (DOI) must be mitigated.

Methods

To address these challenges, a matrix of sixteen 20 mm-long LYSO:Ce scintillators with depolished lateral surfaces is used, coupled to a light guide that enables light sharing within the matrix. This configuration allows for the determination of the gamma-ray DOI and the correction of its timing bias. For this light-sharing method to work, readout integration in a multi-channel scheme is required. This is achieved using a sixteen-channel low-noise, low-power, high-frequency development circuit board. This high-frequency circuit also provides a solution to enhance the time resolution by enabling a lower leading-edge threshold for the detection of the earliest photons produced with high precision.

Results

The DOI-capable module achieves a DOI resolution of 2.2 ± 0.2 mm full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) and a CTR of 133 ± 2 ps FWHM after DOI correction on the central crystals. For comparison, a standard module consisting of sixteen polished crystals and no back light guide achieves a CTR of 130 ± 2 ps FWHM.

Conclusions

Using 20 mm-long LYSO:Ce crystals and this high-frequency electronics, the DOI-capable module delivers excellent timing and energy resolution. In addition to providing time resolution comparable to that of the standard module, it also allows DOI encoding with a resolution of nearly 2 mm FWHM.