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<p>This study presents the eco-friendly synthesis of Hydroxyapatite (HAP) using chicken eggshell biowaste as a sustainable calcium source to enhance biohydrogen production. The stoichiometric ratio of Ca/P was determined to be 1.67 by evaluating pH, temperature, and calcination time, revealing that pH 10.5, temperature 950ᵒC, and calcination time of 2&#xa0;h were optimal. Structural and morphological characterization confirmed the successful formation of crystalline HAP with 78% crystallinity (XRD), accurate Ca/P ratio (EDS), and phosphate group presence (FTIR). The synthesized HAP was applied as a bio-additive in thermophilic dark fermentation using a <i>Thermoanaerobacterium</i>-enriched sludge. The optimal HAP dosage (560&#xa0;mg/L) yielded the highest hydrogen yield of 1.085&#xa0;mol H<sub>2</sub>/mol sugar and a hydrogen production rate of 27.969 mL H<sub>2</sub>/(L h), representing a 59.73% increase over the control. Volatile fatty acid analysis and microbial profiling confirmed enhanced butyrate metabolism and a dominant presence of <i>Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum</i>. This work demonstrates a novel waste-to-value approach by integrating green-synthesized HAP with thermophilic fermentation, contributing to both waste valorization and renewable hydrogen production.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Thermophilic fermentation enhanced by eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite for sustainable hydrogen production

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月21日

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  • Shishita Zahan Zisha,
  • Hasfalina Che Man,
  • Rozita Omar,
  • Suraya Abdul Rashid,
  • Tan Jian Ping,
  • Shareena Fairuz,
  • Abdul Manaf,
  • Tabassum Mumtaz,
  • Nur Syakina Jamali

摘要

This study presents the eco-friendly synthesis of Hydroxyapatite (HAP) using chicken eggshell biowaste as a sustainable calcium source to enhance biohydrogen production. The stoichiometric ratio of Ca/P was determined to be 1.67 by evaluating pH, temperature, and calcination time, revealing that pH 10.5, temperature 950ᵒC, and calcination time of 2 h were optimal. Structural and morphological characterization confirmed the successful formation of crystalline HAP with 78% crystallinity (XRD), accurate Ca/P ratio (EDS), and phosphate group presence (FTIR). The synthesized HAP was applied as a bio-additive in thermophilic dark fermentation using a Thermoanaerobacterium-enriched sludge. The optimal HAP dosage (560 mg/L) yielded the highest hydrogen yield of 1.085 mol H2/mol sugar and a hydrogen production rate of 27.969 mL H2/(L h), representing a 59.73% increase over the control. Volatile fatty acid analysis and microbial profiling confirmed enhanced butyrate metabolism and a dominant presence of Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum. This work demonstrates a novel waste-to-value approach by integrating green-synthesized HAP with thermophilic fermentation, contributing to both waste valorization and renewable hydrogen production.

Graphical abstract