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<p>A large magnetic storm occurred on October 10, 2024 and a super substorm occurred just after the shock arrival at 1520 UT. As a result, red auroras were photographed at multiple points over a wide region of Japan from 1700 UT (1 Japan local time). We apply a Bayesian analysis to estimate the time variation of the most probable height and latitude of the red aurora based on the citizen science data set, in combination with the POES/MetOp satellite data sets of electron precipitation boundary. We find that the top height of red aurora extended to ~ 950&#xa0;km and the red aurora shifted toward low latitude according to the storm development. The ultra-high altitude of the red aurora can be evidence of rapid atmospheric heating and atmospheric expansion.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Extended red aurora associated with super substorm igniting the October 10, 2024 magnetic storm as revealed by citizen science

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月9日

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  • Ryuho Kataoka,
  • Shinya Nakano,
  • Shiori Uchino,
  • Sachin A. Reddy

摘要

A large magnetic storm occurred on October 10, 2024 and a super substorm occurred just after the shock arrival at 1520 UT. As a result, red auroras were photographed at multiple points over a wide region of Japan from 1700 UT (1 Japan local time). We apply a Bayesian analysis to estimate the time variation of the most probable height and latitude of the red aurora based on the citizen science data set, in combination with the POES/MetOp satellite data sets of electron precipitation boundary. We find that the top height of red aurora extended to ~ 950 km and the red aurora shifted toward low latitude according to the storm development. The ultra-high altitude of the red aurora can be evidence of rapid atmospheric heating and atmospheric expansion.

Graphical abstract