Beyond the reporting of disturbed areas: the use of Deter to analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of forest degradation in the Amazon
摘要
The Brazilian Amazon, a critical component of Earth’s climate regulation and biodiversity, has been increasingly affected by forest degradation, a process less monitored than deforestation. This study examines the recurrence and spatiotemporal patterns of forest degradation in the Legal Amazon from 2016 to 2024 using data from the Daily Monitoring of Suppression and Degradation of Native Vegetation (Deter) monitoring system. We first review methodological advances in Deter, highlighting its role in near real-time monitoring and enforcement. Subsequently, we applied a pixel-level recurrence analysis to map degradation frequency and analysis of spatiotemporal patterns, allied to statistical tests to assess monotonic trends. Results show that although most affected pixels had only one detection of degradation, critical hotspots, particularly in Pará and Mato Grosso, had up to five detections. Burn scars were the most frequent type of degradation, with a marked surge in 2024 corresponding to a 271% increase in the degradation rate. No significant overall trend was observed across the time series. Spatiotemporal patterns revealed a shift of degradation toward the eastern Amazon forest edge in 2016–2018, a concentration in southern and northern Mato Grosso in 2019–2021, and widespread degradation across the Legal Amazon in 2022–2024, with a pronounced hotspot in southern Pará. These findings emphasize the growing significance of forest degradation in Brazil, highlighting the need for integrated conservation strategies that extend beyond deforestation to include early detection and response. Strengthening monitoring systems such as Deter remains essential to support environmental governance, enforcement, and sustainable land management in the Amazon.