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Background <p>The plant growth regulatory activity of both enantiomers of abscisic acid (ABA) provides a rationale for evaluating the potential benefits of using racemic ABA (RS-ABA) over S-ABA as a plant protection product. For soil application, where phytohormone stability is an important issue, the use of either S-ABA or RS-ABA would require a thorough evaluation of their enantioselective behavior in soil. In this work, a comparative study of the bioactivity of S- and RS-ABA under different regimes of soil application was performed, using <i>Eruca sativa</i> as a target test plant.</p> Results <p>Under soilless conditions (Petri-dish experiments), S-ABA inhibited the germination of <i>Eruca sativa</i> at lower concentrations (IC<sub>50</sub> = 1.1&#xa0;mg/L) than RS-ABA (IC<sub>50</sub> = 1.9&#xa0;mg/L). Conversely, in soil pot bioassays, RS-ABA inhibited germination at lower concentrations (IC<sub>50</sub> = 12&#xa0;mg/L) than S-ABA (IC<sub>50</sub> = 30&#xa0;mg/L). This was attributed to a more rapid inactivation of the S-enantiomer of ABA by biodegradation in soil in comparison with the R-ABA enantiomer. When applied post-emergence to soil-grown <i>Eruca sativa</i> seedlings, S-ABA exhibited greater activity than RS-ABA in foliar applications, while differences in activity became insignificant upon soil applications. A field experiment confirmed the germination inhibitory activity of both S-ABA and RS-ABA under real environmental conditions, with soil-applied RS-ABA showing slightly greater activity compared to S-ABA.</p> Conclusions <p>The outcomes of this work demonstrate that the enantiomeric composition can significantly influence the effectiveness of ABA as a plant protection product, and suggest that racemic ABA may offer advantages over S-ABA in certain soil application scenarios due to a slower inactivation of the R-ABA enantiomer.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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A comparative study of the sorption, persistence, and bioactivity of the enantiopure and racemic forms of abscisic acid in soil under different application regimes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月28日

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  • María del Valle Muñoz-Muñoz,
  • Rafael Celis,
  • Rocío López-Cabeza

摘要

Background

The plant growth regulatory activity of both enantiomers of abscisic acid (ABA) provides a rationale for evaluating the potential benefits of using racemic ABA (RS-ABA) over S-ABA as a plant protection product. For soil application, where phytohormone stability is an important issue, the use of either S-ABA or RS-ABA would require a thorough evaluation of their enantioselective behavior in soil. In this work, a comparative study of the bioactivity of S- and RS-ABA under different regimes of soil application was performed, using Eruca sativa as a target test plant.

Results

Under soilless conditions (Petri-dish experiments), S-ABA inhibited the germination of Eruca sativa at lower concentrations (IC50 = 1.1 mg/L) than RS-ABA (IC50 = 1.9 mg/L). Conversely, in soil pot bioassays, RS-ABA inhibited germination at lower concentrations (IC50 = 12 mg/L) than S-ABA (IC50 = 30 mg/L). This was attributed to a more rapid inactivation of the S-enantiomer of ABA by biodegradation in soil in comparison with the R-ABA enantiomer. When applied post-emergence to soil-grown Eruca sativa seedlings, S-ABA exhibited greater activity than RS-ABA in foliar applications, while differences in activity became insignificant upon soil applications. A field experiment confirmed the germination inhibitory activity of both S-ABA and RS-ABA under real environmental conditions, with soil-applied RS-ABA showing slightly greater activity compared to S-ABA.

Conclusions

The outcomes of this work demonstrate that the enantiomeric composition can significantly influence the effectiveness of ABA as a plant protection product, and suggest that racemic ABA may offer advantages over S-ABA in certain soil application scenarios due to a slower inactivation of the R-ABA enantiomer.

Graphical abstract