Background <p>With the advancement of nanotechnology, nano biopesticides have gained considerable attention. This study presents a novel method for enhancing the stability and efficacy of the spider venom protein ω-HXTX-Hv1a, an insecticide neurotoxin. The approach involves encapsulating this protein within chitosan cross-linked sodium tripolyphosphate nanocapsules. Such encapsulation is designed to improve the adhesion of Hv1a to leaf surfaces while protecting it from degradation induced by ultraviolet light.</p> Results <p>Encapsulation of Hv1a in nanocapsules yielded significant advantages. Specifically, the insecticidal activity of nano-Hv1a was maintained at 37.19 ± 1.23%, in stark contrast to merely 1.60 ± 0.63% for Hv1a after 24&#xa0;h under conditions conducive to photodegradation. Additionally, the encapsulated form demonstrated a prolonged retention time within insects, resulting in enhanced insecticidal efficacy compared to non-encapsulated Hv1a alone. The study further explored the effects of nano-Hv1a on insect growth patterns, revealing marked weight loss and sustained insecticidal activity beyond that observed with plain Hv1a.</p> Conclusion <p>The findings underscore the potential of nano-Hv1a as an efficient and environmentally sustainable alternative for pest control strategies in agriculture. By improving both stability and effectiveness through advanced encapsulation techniques, this research proposes a viable complement to conventional pesticide practices.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>